Chapters 13-16
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| 249275821 | 5 pillars | make a declaration of faith, pray five times daily, give to charity, fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca | 0 | |
| 249275822 | Abbasid | The dynasty that came after the Umayyads. Devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts. | 1 | |
| 249275823 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 2 | |
| 249275824 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | 3 | |
| 249275825 | Alms | voluntary contributions to aid the poor | 4 | |
| 249275826 | Caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 5 | |
| 249275827 | Dar Al Islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 6 | |
| 249275828 | Hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims | 7 | |
| 249275829 | Jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 8 | |
| 249275830 | Ka'ba | ("cube") a pre-islamic cubed building in mecca believed by muslims to have been built by Abraham. It is the center of the Muslim Pilgrimage | 9 | |
| 249275831 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | 10 | |
| 249275832 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. | 11 | |
| 249275833 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632), final prophet of Allah | 12 | |
| 249275834 | Qu'ran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 13 | |
| 249275835 | Sharia | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 14 | |
| 249275836 | Shiite | A group of Islamic religion that believes that its religious leader should be chosen based on heredity, rejects first three caliphs. | 15 | |
| 249275837 | Sufi | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means | 16 | |
| 249275838 | Sultan | the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire) | 17 | |
| 249275839 | Sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 18 | |
| 249275840 | Ummayad | ○ A dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire until 750 ; ○ They directed the conquests that extended Arab rule from Spain and Morocco to the Indus River Valley | 19 | |
| 249275841 | Umma | the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan | 20 | |
| 249275842 | Conscription | compulsory military service | 21 | |
| 249275843 | Draft Animals | animals used for pulling loads | 22 | |
| 249275844 | Foot Binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 23 | |
| 249275845 | Equal Field System | This Chinese system allotted land to individuals and their families according to the land's fertility and the recipients' needs. | 24 | |
| 249275846 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277) | 25 | |
| 249275847 | Heian Japan | (794-1185 C.E.) local rulers on the island of Honshu recognized the emperor as Japan's supreme political authority, but, unlike China, Japanese emperors rarely ruled; they only acted as figure heads. Fujiwara family had the power. Two sections of rule: imperial house and ruling parties and factions. Culture of Heian was influenced by Chinese traditions. | 26 | |
| 249275848 | Kowtow | a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission | 27 | |
| 249275849 | Mercenaries | foreign soldiers who fought for money | 28 | |
| 249275850 | Nara Japan | Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence. | 29 | |
| 249275851 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | 30 | |
| 249275852 | Porcelain | a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China | 31 | |
| 249275853 | Samurai | class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land | 32 | |
| 249275854 | Shinto | the native religion and former ethnic cult of Japan | 33 | |
| 249275855 | Shogun | A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name | 34 | |
| 249275856 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 35 | |
| 249275857 | Sui Dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | 36 | |
| 249275858 | Tang Dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria | 37 | |
| 249275859 | Terrace Farming | the cutting out of flat areas into near vertical slopes to allow farming | 38 | |
| 249275860 | Tributary Relationships | set up trade relationships with korea protection has to be given to China | 39 | |
| 249275861 | Uighers | originally helped put down the An Lushan rebellion but eventually overtook Central Asia-revoking alliance | 40 | |
| 249275862 | Wu Zhao | the only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty; takes over when Li Shimin dies; she used trickery to get power, cuts taxes, raises salaries of government officials, encourages trade and buddhism, takes korea as a tributary state, reforms the civil service exams, builds more school for more job opprotunities, takes critism from Li Bo and improves | 41 | |
| 249275863 | White Huns | nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration | 42 | |
| 249275864 | King Harsha | (r. 606-648) temporarily restored unified rule in most of northern India. | 43 | |
| 249275865 | Emporia | India being in the middle of the Indian Ocean it was a natural site for this and warehouses, traders exchanged their cargoes at Cambay, Calicut or Quilon for goods to take back west with the winter monsoon | 44 | |
| 249275866 | Axum | Axum was a trading center and a powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia. | 45 | |
| 249275867 | Byzantine Empire | a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 | 46 | |
| 249275868 | Caesaropapism | System in which the temporal ruler extends his own power to ecclesiastical and theological matters. Such emperors appointed bishops and the Eastern Patriarch, directed the development of liturgical practices, and even aided the recruitment of monks. | 47 | |
| 249275869 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 48 | |
| 249275870 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | 49 | |
| 249275871 | Theme System | This system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general, they were created so that the military could respond quickly to attacks, also peasants who joined the army were given plots of land, thereby increasing the free peasant class. | 50 | |
| 249275872 | Germanic States | people who invaded and overthrew the Roman Empire, created states according to tribe | 51 | |
| 249275873 | Carolingians | Royal house of Franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century. | 52 | |
| 249275874 | Charlemange | Martel's grandson, a great leader, fighter, and was crowned holy roman emperor by pope | 53 | |
| 249275875 | Vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century. | 54 | |
| 249275876 | Bezant | a gold coin of the Byzantine Empire | 55 | |
| 249275877 | Feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 56 | |
| 249275878 | Roman Catholic | the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy | 57 | |
| 249275879 | Eastern Orthodox | The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities. | 58 | |
| 249275880 | Schism | a formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions | 59 | |
| 249275881 | Pope Gregory I | This pope strongly emphasized the sacrament of penance and encouraged confession for the remission of sins which made people more dependent on the church for salvation. | 60 |
