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AP World - Unit 4.1 Flashcards

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12005467844Describe the importance of silk, porcelain, and tea to the Europeans.Chinese porcelains were regarded as objects of great rarity and luxury which is why to make it so appealing to Europeans.0
12005467845What did China import from Europe (mostly Spain)Silver1
12005467846What was China's last dynasty, and who was it ruled by?Qing Dynasty, ruled by the Manchus, not Chinese (from Manchuria/northeast Asia)2
12005467847What were some Manchu policies toward the Chinese?The Manchus made Chinese men queues (shaved in front, braid in back) on their heads as a sign of submission to the Manchurians3
12005467848Describe an important continuity in China that had to do with Neoconfucianism.Neoconfucian exams4
12005467849Describe the expansion of the Qing empire.The Qing replaced the Ming; this Ming empire became larger than previous dynasties. This expansion helped the spread of many trade products5
12005467850What was the Qing capital?Beijing (same as Yuan and Ming)6
12005467851What did the Tokugawa shogunate do for Japan?It unified Japan after a long civil war at the end of the Ashikaga period. Created a strong military dictatorship that lasted 265 years.7
12005467852Describe the Tokugawa social class system.samurai, peasants, artisans, merchants. Influenced by Neoconfucianism from China/Korea.8
12005467853Describe Neoconfician policies of the government.-Neoconfucian was the main ideology of the Tokogawa government -A caste system locked in place the social classes; couldn't change caste9
12005467854Why is Japan know for Isolationism?The Tokagawa shogunte didn't want Europeans in Japan-especially missionaries from places like Portugal. Only the Dutch were allowed.10
12005467855Who were the daimyo, and what restrictions were placed on them?The daimyo were the largest and most powerful landholders. They had to serve the shogun, and keep two residences (alternate attendance system), including the one in Edo and on in there local region. Their family members were "captive" in Edo to discourage rebellion. This also kept them weak.11
12005467856What are the differences between the shogun and the emperor?The Shogun was a military dictator of Japan, the rulers of the country during the Tokugawa era. The emperor was like a mascot.12
12005467857What was the Shmabara Rebellion?A Christian rebellion in a neighborhood of Nagasaki , but was quickly put down by the shogun. It effectively eliminated Christianity from Japan.13
12005467858What were the three major Gunpowder empires/Muslim empires during the period 1450-1750?Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal14
12005467859Describe the characteristics of the Ottoman empire.-Inspired and sustained by Sunni Islam -Brought down the Byzantine empire (Constantinople) -Frequent conflict with the Safavids, who were neighbors and were Shia15
12005467860Describe the characteristics of the Safavid empire.-Persia -Safavid shahs ruled over one of the gunpowder empires -First significant Shia/Shi'ite led empire -Ruled to the east of the Ottomans16
12005467861Where was the Mughal territory?India; nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and large parts of Afghanistan17
12005467862What are the geographic regions of the Ottoman empire?Middle East; Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, former Byzantine lands18
12005467864Describe the rivalry between the Sunni (Ottomans & Mughals) and Shi'ites (Safavids)Fought over territorial and religious differences19
12005467865Describe the development of Sikhism in India.-Was born in South Asia, around the Mughal period -Monotheistic, but ideas of karma and reincarnation20
12005467866What is jizya?a tax on people who were not Muslim21
12005467867What were Janissaries?elite units that made up the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards, and the first modern standing army Europe22
12005467868DevshirmeThe system by which boys from Christian communities (in the Balkans/southeast Europe) were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.23
12005467869How did the treatment of non-Muslims change with the ruler Aurangzeb?He hated heretical Muslims as well as other religious practitioners and began making their lives a living nightmare -He restored the non-Muslim poll tax -Led to tensions in later Mughal empire between Muslim ruler's subjects vs. Sikhs and Hindus24
12005467870What was the Taj Mahal?An ivory-white mausoleum built to house the body of the Sultan's wife, which showed power of the state and the Mughal sultan.25

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