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| 12520129195 | Which dynasty ruled over the Holy Roman Empire? | The Habsburg | 0 | |
| 12520129196 | What were 2 reasons to break away from the catholic church? | 1) Indulgences (pardons from the church given for payment, which the church used to fund Renaissance projects) 2) Corruption of Clergy (Especially under Pope Alexander VI) | 1 | |
| 12520129197 | Describe some of Luther's core beliefs. | -"Justification by faith alone" -Reliance on the Bible, not the Church's interpretation -Clergy are not above others | 2 | |
| 12520129198 | How did the printing press help spread Protestantism? | The growing literacy helped spread Luther's ideas. The HRE (German lands) is where the first European press was invented (1450s) | 3 | |
| 12520129199 | What was the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) ? | they were a global missionary organization to educate and convert people to Catholicism. | 4 | |
| 12520129200 | Describe the causes of the German Peasant Revolts. | peasants revolted against feudal payments, taxes, etc., and they were also inspired by Luther's attacks on the Catholic Church. the peasants thought Luther would be on their side (he wasn't) | 5 | |
| 12520129201 | Which states/regions had growing power due to absolutism? | France, Spain, Prussia, Austria (only in Austria & Balkans - not in HRE), and Russia. | 6 | |
| 12520129202 | What was the Divine Right Theory? | It legitimized a monarch's absolute rule- The ruler has God given authority, and only answers to God | 7 | |
| 12520129203 | What is absolutism? | The power is in the monarch alone (form of dictatorship) | 8 | |
| 12520129204 | What absolutist states were Catholic? | Spain, HRE/Austria | 9 | |
| 12520129205 | Which states were Protestant | Britain/England, Netherlands, northern Germans | 10 | |
| 12520129206 | Which absolutist state was Orthodox Christian? | Russia | 11 | |
| 12520129207 | How did absolutism limit the power of the nobles? | absolutism gave all of the power to the monarch. nobles tried to limit the power of monarchs with constitutions and legislatures/parliaments, they failed in most states | 12 | |
| 12520129208 | How did churches and palaces demonstrate power in European monarchies? | Large monuments and palaces demonstrated wealth and power, and legitimized the rule of rulers. Versailles palaces built by Louis XIV are an example | 13 | |
| 12520129209 | Name 4 political rivalries between states. | 1) Protestant states of HRE (in the North) vs. Austria & Catholic States in the South 2) France vs. Habsburg 3) Prussia (north German state) vs. Habsburgs (Austria) 4) Ottomans vs Habsburg | 14 | |
| 12520129210 | What was the issue at the start of the 30 Years War? | A civil war over religion: Austria & other Catholic states vs. Protestant states in the north | 15 | |
| 12520129211 | Which states fought Austria in the 30 Years War? | Northern German states, plus Sweden and Denmark | 16 | |
| 12520129212 | What states in the HRE were Catholic? | The Habsburg emperor, southern Germans, Spain | 17 | |
| 12520129213 | What role did France play in the Thirty Years War? | When France joined the war, it evolved into a political war. France was Catholic, but joined the Protestants because they hated the Habsburgs | 18 | |
| 12520129214 | What happened to Russian land in 17th and 18th century? | it dramatically expanded in size across Eurasia | 19 | |
| 12520129215 | Who were the Cossacks? | Warriors/horsemen living on Russia's frontier, and they helped extend Russian borders across Siberia | 20 | |
| 12520129216 | Who was Pugachev? | A former military officer who led a rebellion of Cossacks and serfs | 21 | |
| 12520129217 | What caused the Pugachev rebellion? | -Anger at growing power of nobles and monarch -High taxes -Military conscription -No land or freedom for serfs | 22 | |
| 12520129218 | What was the result of the Pugachev Rebellion? | Initial success, but public execution of leaders | 23 | |
| 12520129219 | How is constitutionalism different from absolutism? | With constitutionalism, they government's powers are limited and defined by law | 24 | |
| 12520129220 | What events led to constitutionalism in England? | 1) Magna Carta 2) English Civil War 3) Glorious Revolution 4) The English Bill of Rights | 25 | |
| 12520129221 | The is the republican government of the Netherlands similar/different from England's constitutional monarchy? | A republic is a representative government (like England), but with no monarch. | 26 | |
| 12520129222 | What was the Scientific Revolution? | A revolution that began during the Renaissance, encouraging people to question established ideas about the universe. | 27 | |
| 12520129223 | What was the Old Geocentric System? | A belief of Aristotle, that the Earth was the center of the universe, and that heavenly spheres orbited around Earth | 28 | |
| 12520129224 | What was the new model of the universe during the Scientific Revolution? | A heliocentric theory that was proposed by Copernicus, and said that the sun was the center of the universe | 29 |
