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| 5893106741 | Impact of Mongols on China | *Heavy taxation *Trade on Silk road *Reunify China *took out Confucian exam | 0 | |
| 5893106742 | Zheng He's Voyages | *1405-1433 CE | 1 | |
| 5893106743 | Colombus' voyage of discovery and start of Colombian exchange | 1492CE | 2 | |
| 5893106744 | What continued in the Early Ming Empire from Yuan (Mongol)? | *kept administrative structure of province and an emperor *Moved the capital back to bejing *Still traded Proclain, Silk *used same calendar as the Mongols | 3 | |
| 5893106745 | What changed under Early Ming Empire? | *Civil service Exam; raised status of bureaucrats. *Capital first moved to Nanjing. *Less interaction with Central Asia. *Less trade along silk road. *Reject foreigners. *No paper money rather used Silver as currency. *Begin voyages in Indian Ocean (Zheng He). *Increasing tribute network. | 4 | |
| 5893106746 | Later Ming Empire | *factories producing ceramic, silk, proclelain. *painting,novel, poetry, resturants, selling paper, and ink. *imported Silver from Europe. *elites prepared their sons for Exams. | 5 | |
| 5893106747 | Decline of Ming | *Little ice age in 17th century *Agriculture distress and famine *epidemic disease *price inflation *corruption and workers revolt | 6 | |
| 5893106748 | Rise of Qing | *Mongols threatened Ming *Manchu troops helped fight of Mongols and took over China *adopted Chinese institution and polices | 7 | |
| 5893106749 | Consolidation | means to bring together | 8 | |
| 5893106750 | Ming legitmacy | *confucianisim *Military *Mandate of Heaven *tributary System *architecture | 9 | |
| 5893106751 | Ming way of Consolidation | *Military *Confucian bureacracy *divinding in provinces | 10 | |
| 5893106752 | Why did Zheng He's Voyage stop? | * Confucian gov't got nervous *Jelaousy *Voyages were expensive | 11 | |
| 5893106753 | Forbidin City | is in the capital Bejing where the palace complex is located. | 12 | |
| 5893106754 | architecture used for legitimacy | *colecium *Aztec temple *Great walls of China *Pyramid *Versailles | 13 | |
| 5893106755 | Why did rulers use architecture for legitmacy? | * it shows wealth and military power * to have lasting legacy | 14 | |
| 5893106756 | Renaissance | *1350-1500 *European contracts with the Middle East during the crusades contributes to the start of the Reaissance. *Began in Italy *Byzantine empire inspired much of the art and ideas of renaissance.(shakespeare, Leonardo Davinchi) *Humanisim(studied human beings and abilites), wealthy italian merchants funded artists (display of wealth and power). | 15 | |
| 5893106757 | Protestant Reformation | *Martin Luther disagree with communion, confession of sins. *salvation through faith alone *Ninety-Five-Thesis, Catholics excommunicated him. *resent of many authority of pope and corruption made it favorable to catholics *printed press-> more bible-> more literate people-> made thier own interpretations. *Henry creatted Anglicanism *John Caviln created presbyterians | 16 | |
| 5893106758 | Result of Protestant Reformation | *Increased European questioning of political authority *strengthened monarchs authortity as pope's power decreased. *Encouraged education | 17 | |
| 5893106759 | Scientific Revolution | *Galileo and Keplar created telescope, Geo-centric model *Galilio's claim of sun at the middle of Solar system-> got arrested by Roman court because it was against catholics faith. *Issac Newton-optic, calculus and law of motion. *scientist question traditional belief *secular humanisim | 18 | |
| 5893106760 | Rise of Absolute Monarchs | *kings began to tax thier town, trade-> kings became less dependent on military and financial support *The hundred Years War and the Reconquista in Spain-> nationalisim (loyality to a nation rather than feudalisim) *Gun powder and technology-> makes armored knights less effective | 19 | |
| 5893106761 | Monarchs Legitimacy (justify rule) | *Divine rule (all branches controlled by one person) *religion *military conquest *lineage | 20 | |
| 5893106762 | The English Civil War | *King Charles supported loyalists "cavaliers" Vs. Parliamentary forces under Oliver Cromwell *interregrium or no monarch period after King Charles I death *restoration; brings back the royal family. Parliment agrees to work with the king. | 21 | |
| 5893106763 | Limited monarch | *Jury of peers *taxation with consent of lords | 22 | |
| 5893106764 | European motive | *economic motives *spread religion *Glory(military, political motives) *Needed following technologies -Compass from China -design of vessels -Caravel(best European ship) -astorable enabled to determine location | 23 | |
| 5893106765 | Portugal | *prince Henry and sagres research institute *motive-> spreading christianity and find christian allies *explored India and Brazil, Atlantic islands *recieved AFrican Gold, sugar plantaion | 24 | |
| 5893106766 | Spain | *Christopher Colombus, Amerigo, Balba (explorers) *Motive-> defeat muslim empire, discover lands and find shortcut to Indian ocean. *Explored India, America, Island of Caaribbean *Colonized philippines, traded on Indian Ocean, make profit | 25 | |
| 5893106767 | Western Africa | * Accepted portugal with ceremony and formed monopoly on trade *Kongo used Chrstianity as official religion and catholic religion spread. *Exported gold and slaves to portugal for firearms and alliance during war *Excessive slave trade led to rebellion and decline in king's auhtority. | 26 | |
| 5893106768 | Eastern AFrica | *natives accepted portugese as allies *they had profitable trade *Ethiopians were interested with Christianity *portugal later bombs Swhaili Coast | 27 | |
| 5893106769 | Indian Ocean states | *Europe got foods from colonies which decreased starvation-> potatoe famine *Portugal bombed Indian ports and dominate their control of Indian Ocean trade *Monopolized trade between China and Japan and taxed traders on Indian ocean *maritime laws for trade | 28 | |
| 5893106770 | What stayed the same in Indian ocean States | *Spices, gold, ivory and other luxury goods were traded *spread buddhisim, Islam *monsoon winds *Boats (Junks, dhows) | 29 | |
| 5893106771 | Change in Indian Ocean | *Portuguese dominate it *colonize 10 regions *Build forts in Swahili States *Italians and Ottomans controlled mediteranian, so portugese had to colonize other regions to get involved in the trade. | 30 | |
| 5893106772 | The Americas | *Spanish conquered the Amerindians, and Inca *small pox killed natives and brought African slaves *Coca, Tomatoes, Corn-> grew. Domesticated animals, sugar(cash crop)-> imported. *encomienda system- cooerced labor system *Christian missonaries, culture syncretism | 31 | |
| 5893106773 | Spanish America | *Viceroy (governor) gained power because European official were not able to control distant colonies *Catholic Church spread Christianity and introduced Uinversities. *Bishop Las Casas outlawed slavery of Amerindians *Church were against culture syncretism. | 32 | |
| 5893106774 | Old World (western Hemisphere) | *Horses *Slaves *Cattle *Sugar *Christianity *small pox | 33 | |
| 5893106775 | New World(America) | *Corn *potatoes *tomatoes *beans *coca *Silver | 34 | |
| 5893106776 | Bolivia | *spains *silver mine (also Peru) *wheat, livestock, and textile *Mita labor system | 35 | |
| 5893106777 | Mexico | *silver mine *deforestation *rising fuel price *wage labor | 36 | |
| 5893106778 | Brazil | *Sugar plantation *African slave *plantation labor *control trade b/n spanish and Europe *maroon communities- escaped slaves go to less settled areas and often go to Amerindian lands. | 37 | |
| 5893106779 | Peninsulares | Europeans whose goal was not to settle but to rule over the church and government and were trusted more. | 38 | |
| 5893106780 | Creoles | wealthy merchants born in America but have European decent; however, posseses no power which creates conflicts between Peninsulares and Creoles. | 39 | |
| 5893106781 | Hierarchy in the Americans | 1) peninsulares 2) Creoles 3) Mestizo, Mulattos 4) Africans, Native Americans *race, place of origin and wealth based Hierarchy. | 40 | |
| 5893106782 | capitalism | * development of financial institution like bank, stock exchanges | 41 | |
| 5893106783 | Mercantilism | *Monopolize the profits produced in their colonies by controlling trade and accumulating capital in the form of Gold and silver. | 42 | |
| 5893106784 | Trans-Saharan trade | * Manual labor *coercive labor *status symbol * Slaves can be young (men, women) *textile, domestic entertainment *less racial difference | 43 | |
| 5893106785 | Atlantic Slavery | * Manual labor *coercive labor *status symbol *Slaves as property *Only healthy men were taken *racial difference and cultural syncretism | 44 | |
| 5893106786 | West and Central Africa | *Less agriculture *warfare *decline economy *(Africa took captives of war for slavery which increased war in Africa and reduced number of farmer because young men were taken; this resulted for the decline of the economy) | 45 | |
| 5893106787 | Triangular trade | *North America- Crops and silver to Europe *Africa- Slaves and Gold also known as The Middle Passage *Europe- Processed goods, guns to Africa |  | 46 |
| 5893106788 | Cultural syncretism | *Two or more distinct cultures combing to creat a new practice or belief. *food, music, people, and * religion: During Spain Rule on the Americans (Catholic Christianity), Amerindian's polystetic religion (Santeria, Vodun, Candomble) | 47 | |
| 5893106789 | Southern Colonies | *English Colonizer *led by elected assembly *fur trade (African trade, timber, tobacco, firearms, plantation) *African language, hierarchical society |  | 48 |
| 5893106790 | New England | *Pilgrims and Puritans colonizer *less government control *fish, timber *no diversity and gender balance |  | 49 |
| 5893106791 | Mid Atlantic | *Pennsylvania colonizer *corrupt public administration *diverse population *skilled craftsmen | 50 | |
| 5893106792 | French America | *France was colonizer *fur trade *warfare with England for land *fire arms, metal tools | 51 | |
| 5893106793 | Ottoman Empire | Originate in Anatolia, expanded to Southeastern Europe. *Sultan destroyed Wall of Constantinople with Cannon and conquered which ends the Byzantine empire. *Adding Venice into their territory opened trade. *Janissaries were military division of Christian prisoners *devshirme is a tax system imposed on Christians to take away son for the military and convert them to Islam. *For legitimacy they used military, religion, and bureaucracy. * Gun powder increased cost, and brought high taxes *peasants revolted (b/c of tax) and got devshime abolished *Ottoman's trade with Europeans open long-distant trade. but later failed and Mumluks took control. |  | 52 |
| 5893106794 | Mughal Empire | *Hindus majority but Muslim empire *Babur was the founder; he invaded from central Asia *mansabs granted land revenues to military officers. *they traded cotton cloth for Europeans aid militarily *Rajputs were Hindu warriors *Akbar lifted tax on non muslim, religious tolerant, court culture reflected mixture of muslim and Hindu *Akbar had weak army and ruling were not integrated into the imperial structure *Aurangzeb re-imposed tax on Hindu, failed to unify and was religiously intolerant. *Sikhism-mixture of Muslim and Hindu *Mughal declined b/c failure to integrate new territories, regional powers challenged the empire, and Iran invaded them. |  | 53 |
| 5893106795 | Religion in Mughal | Sikhism- Guru is founder Islam- Mosques, Koran, prophet, leaders of Mughals Hinduism-Veda is founder, have caste system, have polytheism. Sikhism and Hinduism- reincarnation, temples, no prophet, persecuted under Mughals Sikhism and Islam- no caste system, equality, monotheism Sikhism, Hindu, Islam- have place of worship and sacred text, and monotheism, community service. | 54 | |
| 5893106796 | Russia | *Russia was land locked b/c of no ports *Siberia opened fur trade *land based empire b/c they were surrounded by forests and land. the king->Tsar *Cossacks were Russian herders *PETER THE GREAT traveled to discover Western Europe's secret to a prosperous empire. *have to take merit test for military job *Peter took Swedish's control of Baltic sea, built St.Petersburg, imitated European's style by shaving of the nobility's beard. * women's status increased while Boyars role in the government decreased in return imposed forced labor on serfs so that they work for the Boyars. *Increased taxes, brought Orthodox church under state control becoming an absolute monarch. *Catherine continued peter by trading with Western Europe and conquering more lands to the Black sea. |  | 55 |
| 5893106797 | Japanese Reunification | *Daimyos were warlords and landowners *Got firearms from Europe b/c it is easier to train and help for the war against Korea. *sold copper and silver for silk and had coinage *Banned Christianity and European missionaries *placed restriction on trade by limiting time, samurai's role and trading ports. *Dutches learning movement- taught Japan technologies, ship building, and maths *japan invaded Asian mainland lead Asian to impose high taxes, lose population; it lead to the invasion of Manchus. *Tokugawa moved capital to Edo and united Japan *roads, maritime transport connected cities and allowed Daimyo to visit Edo frequently. *rice (tax payment), silk, fans, porcelain, books were traded. *military based hierarchy, feudalisim structure, mostly Buddhist. *Forty-seven Ronin was the transformation of Japan from military to civil society. *Alternate Intendent policy made the damaiyo and his son spend time with the king separetly. (so that the Shogun could kill his son if his father rebels just like the Inca's policy) *Shinto(native religion and ukiyo-e (native painting) |  | 56 |
| 5893106798 | Japan hierarchy | 1) Emperor ( political figure, no action) 2)Shogun (gets loyality and gives land to Daimyo) 3) Daimyo (gets military service and gives land and wealth to Samurai) 4) Samuri (Gets food and gives protection) 5) Peasant 6)farmers- give food 7)artisans- give cloth 8) Merchants (Confucian policy placed them lower class) | 57 | |
| 5893106799 | Qing Empire | * after manchu troops took over china, they named it Qing Empire. *Most populations were ethnic chinese *Trade was limited b/c to -maintain control over trade -facilitate tax collection -supress privacy *Canton system permitted one market per sector *Bristish was worried about trade deficit with China * Macartney mission, british sent macartney to revise the trade system but Qing refused to open trade ports. *increase in population-> intensive agriculture-> deforestation-> water erosion-> flooding-> peasant sought job->rebellion *Jesuits main goal was to spread christianity -Matteo Ricci was a Jesuit and chinsese scholar who adapted christianity into chinese tradition *built roads, waterworks, cut taxes, incentive established for resettling areas devestated by peasant rebellion. *Kangxi sent forces to attack Amur and Albazin and negotiated treaty with Russia. *Kangxi welcomed Jesuit b/c he was open to math & science *Jesuit compromise thier religion by tolerating ancestor worship-> created disagreement in china-> Kangxi order expulsion of people who don't agree with ancestor worshipping. *Christains started being persecuted. | 58 | |
| 5893106800 | Qing Empire continuity and change | *Continuity* - recieve silver for trade goods -restrictive trade *Changes* -Qing emperor was interested in scientific knowledge exchange -population growth because of colombial exchange -Qing more open interaction with central asia | 59 |
