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| 267145671 | Zheng He | an imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from SE Asia to Africa | 0 | |
| 267145672 | Arawak | Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus | 1 | |
| 267145673 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa in the 15th cent. | 2 | |
| 267145674 | caravel | a small, highly maneuverable three-mastered ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic | 3 | |
| 267145675 | Gold Coast | Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward | 4 | |
| 267145676 | Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight of the Indian Ocean | 5 | |
| 267145677 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. in 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening a commercial sea route | 6 | |
| 267145678 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact b/w peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization | 7 | |
| 267145679 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world | 8 | |
| 267145680 | conquistadors | early 16th cent. Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru | 9 | |
| 267145681 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain | 10 | |
| 267145682 | Moctezuma II | Aztec emperor who died while in custody of the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes | 11 | |
| 267145683 | Atahualpa | last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. was executed by the Spanish | 12 | |
| 267145684 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533 | 13 | |
| 267145685 | Renaissance(European) | a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be the "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. | 14 | |
| 267145686 | papacy | the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head | 15 | |
| 267145687 | indulgence | the forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act | 16 | |
| 267145688 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England | 17 | |
| 267145689 | Catholic Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. Clarified Catholic theology abd reformed clerical training and discipline | 18 | |
| 267145690 | witch-hunt | the pursuit of people suspected of witch-craft, especially in northern Europe in the late 16th and 17th cent. | 19 | |
| 267145691 | Scientific Revolution | the intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the 17th cent, laid the groundwork for modern science | 20 | |
| 267145692 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement in 18 cent. Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics | 21 | |
| 267145693 | bourgeoisie | in early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions | 22 | |
| 267145694 | joint-stock company | a buisness, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks and profits among many investors | 23 | |
| 267145695 | stock exchange | a place where shares in a company or buisness enterprise are bought and sold | 24 | |
| 267145696 | gentry | a class of land-holding families in England below the aristocracy | 25 | |
| 267145697 | Little Ice Age | a century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable | 26 | |
| 267145698 | deforestation | the removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves | 27 | |
| 267145699 | Holy Roman Empire | loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes | 28 | |
| 267145700 | Habsburg | a powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors; founded the Austrian Empire and ruled 17th cent Spain | 29 | |
| 267145701 | English Civil War | a conflict over royal vs. parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parlimentary critics and ending with his execution. | 30 | |
| 267145702 | Versailles | the huge palace bulit for French king Louis XVI south of Paris. symbolized both French power and the triumph of royal authority over the French nobility | 31 | |
| 267145703 | balance of power | the policy of international relations by which, beginning in the 18th cent., the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful | 32 | |
| 270888245 | Columbian Exchange | the exchange of animals, plants, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world folowing Columbus's voyages | 33 | |
| 270888246 | Bartolome de Las Casas | first bishop of Chiapas in southern Mexico. he devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor for them | 34 | |
| 270888247 | Potosi | located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America | 35 | |
| 270888248 | encomienda | a grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods | 36 | |
| 270888249 | creoles | whites born in America by European parents | 37 | |
| 270888250 | mestizo | term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent | 38 | |
| 270888251 | mulatto | term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent | 39 | |
| 270888252 | indentured servent | a migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from 4-7 years | 40 | |
| 270888253 | House of Burgesses | elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618 | 41 | |
| 270888254 | Pilgrims | group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands | 42 | |
| 270888255 | Puritans | English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined soulds to heaven or hell before birth. Founded Mass. Bay Colony | 43 | |
| 270888256 | Iroquois Confederacy | an alliance of 5 northeastern Amerindian peoples that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives | 44 | |
| 270888257 | New France | French colony in North America, capital in Quebec- founded in 1608. fell to British in 1763 | 45 | |
| 270888258 | coureurs de bois | French fur traders, many of mixed Amerinidan heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of NA | 46 | |
| 270888259 | Tupac Amaru II | member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion aganist Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. Captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family | 47 | |
| 272560146 | cartography | ... | 48 | |
| 272560147 | reconnaissance | scouting, gathering info, improving | 49 | |
| 272560148 | charter | permisson of power granted by the monarch | 50 | |
| 272560149 | mercantilism | government control of trade to insure prosperity(required colonies to trade only with Mother country) | 51 | |
| 272560150 | syncretism | mix local and borrowed traditions together | 52 | |
| 272560151 | sufi | mystic version of Islam | 53 |
