Terms : Hide Images
| 6651871110 | Triple Alliance | Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. | 0 | |
| 6651871121 | Central Powers | An alliance during World War I that originally consisted of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Other nations, including Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, joined later. | 1 | |
| 6651873149 | Schlieffen Plan | Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare. | 2 | |
| 6651873150 | isolationism | A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries | 3 | |
| 6651875206 | Fourteen Points | The war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations. | 4 | |
| 6651875207 | League of nations | A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946. | 5 | |
| 6651876621 | Red Army | Bolshevik army. Army led by Trotsky and Lenin which was victorious in the Russian civil war | 6 | |
| 6651876622 | New Economic Policy | Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private business and farming using markets instead of communist state ownership. Joseph Stalin ended this in 1928 and replaced it with greater state ownership, collectivization, and a series of Five-Year Plans. | 7 | |
| 6651876623 | Five Year Plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. | 8 | |
| 6651878191 | collectivization | The process seen in the Soviet Union and Communist China to form communal work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from private hands to large, collective, government operations. | 9 | |
| 6651878192 | Great Depression | (1929-1939) The dramatic decline in the world's economy due to the United State's stock market crash of 1929, the overproduction of goods from World War I, and decline in the need for raw materials from non industrialized nations. Results in millions of people losing their jobs as banks and businesses closed around the world. Many people were reduced to homelessness, and had to rely on government sponsored soup kitchens to eat. World trade also declined as many countries imposed protective tariffs in an attempt to restore their economies. | 10 | |
| 6651878193 | fascism | A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule. | 11 | |
| 6651879882 | totalitarianism | A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens. | 12 | |
| 6651879883 | Reichstag | Seated Germany's lower house of Parlimrent, it burned in 1933 and Hitler blamed it on the communist, this event led to Hitler becoming the absolute dictator in Germany. | 13 | |
| 6651879884 | nationalism | A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country | 14 | |
| 6651881334 | appeasement | A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler. | 15 | |
| 6651881335 | Manhattan Project | A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb. | 16 | |
| 6651881336 | Holocaust | A mass slaughter of Jews and other civilians, carried out by the Nazi government of Germany before and during World War II. | 17 | |
| 6651882322 | genocide | Deliberate elimination of a group through mass murder. | 18 | |
| 6651882323 | Marshall Plan | A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) | 19 | |
| 6651882324 | Cold War | (1945-1991) The period after the Second World War marked by rivalry and tension between the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the communist government of the Soviet Union. The Cold War ended when the Soviet government collapsed in 1991. | 20 | |
| 6651883491 | Truman Doctrine | Established U.S. Cold War Foreign policy; U.S. will aid any nation fighting communism. Truman meant Europe ---> applied worldwide | 21 | |
| 6651883492 | spheres of influence | areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly | 22 | |
| 6651884562 | Soviet bloc | The Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries that installed Communist regimes after World War II and were dominated by the Soviet Union. | 23 | |
| 6651884563 | Western bloc | The name for Western Europe, the parts of Europe not controlled by the Soviets. | 24 | |
| 6651884564 | NATO | Alliance of the allied powers against the Soviets | 25 | |
| 6651884565 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | 26 | |
| 6651886210 | Iron Curtain | (HT) , Term used by Churchill in 1946 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations | 27 | |
| 6651886224 | glasnost | Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union. | 28 | |
| 6651888787 | perestroika | A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to revitalize the Soviet economy by opening it up to more free enterprise | 29 | |
| 6651888788 | apartheid | A system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained. | 30 | |
| 6651888789 | pogroms | an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe. | 31 | |
| 6651888790 | OPEC | An international oil cartel originally formed in 1960. Represents the majority of all oil produced in the world. Attempts to limit production to raise prices. It's long name is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. | 32 | |
| 6651891385 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I. | 33 | |
| 6651891386 | Gavrilo Princip | Assassinated Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. | 34 | |
| 6651892780 | Treaty of Versailles 1919 | Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s. | 35 | |
| 6651892781 | Russian Revolution | Massive revolutionary upheaval in 1917 that overthrew the Romanov dynasty in Russia and ended with the seizure of power by communists under the leadership of Lenin | 36 | |
| 6651894474 | Czar Nicholas | (1868-1918) Czar of Russia (1894-1917). He was overthrown during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Later, he and his family were killed by the revolution's leadership. | 37 | |
| 6651894475 | Bolsheviks | A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917. | 38 | |
| 6651894476 | Vladimir Lenin | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924). | 39 | |
| 6651896253 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | A signed agreement between Russia and the Central Powers when Russia withdrew from the War. Russia surrendered Poland, the Ukraine and other territory. | 40 | |
| 6651896254 | Leon Trotsky | Russian revolutionary intellectual and close adviser to Lenin. A leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), he was later expelled from the Communist Party (1927) and banished (1929) for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin | 41 | |
| 6651898409 | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | Turkish nationalist leader who became the first president of modern Turkey in the 1920's and set about to modernize and Westernize Turkey, including making it more secular | 42 | |
| 6651898410 | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition. | 43 | |
| 6651899825 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | the 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times, a feat no longer permissible due to the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution. | 44 | |
| 6651899826 | Benito Mussolini | (1883-1945) Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance. | 45 | |
| 6651901416 | Weimar Republic | German democratic state created after Imperial Germany's defeat in the war. Little experience in democracy, so they had serious financial problems, lots of inflation. The Depression in Germany made the population fear the rise of extremist parties | 46 | |
| 6651901417 | NAZI party | the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933 | 47 | |
| 6651901418 | Adolf Hitler | Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocaust. | 48 | |
| 6651903466 | Third Reich | The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945 | 49 | |
| 6651903467 | Rhineland | A region in Germany designated a demilitarized zone by the Treaty of Versailles; Hitler violated the treaty and sent German troops there in 1936 | 50 | |
| 6651903468 | Munich Conference | 1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further. | 51 | |
| 6651921821 | Neville Chamberlain | Great British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of appeasement | 52 | |
| 6651921822 | Nazi-Soviet Pact | A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other | 53 | |
| 6651923226 | Winston Churchill | A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. | 54 | |
| 6651923227 | Battle of Britain | An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. | 55 | |
| 6651923228 | Dresden | German city ferociously firebombed by the Allies from February 13 to 15, 1945 British bombing of Germany that was considered especially savage and destructive | 56 | |
| 6651925090 | Pearl Harbor | 7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II. | 57 | |
| 6651925091 | D-Day | Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944 | 58 | |
| 6651925092 | Harry Truman | 33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war. | 59 | |
| 6651926414 | Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II. | 60 | |
| 6651926415 | Berlin blockade | April 1, 1948 - Russia under Stalin blockaded Berlin completely in the hopes that the West would give the entire city to the Soviets to administer. | 61 | |
| 6651927873 | Berlin airlift | Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin | 62 | |
| 6651927874 | Yalta and Potsdam conference | 2 post WW2 meetings where the division of Germany, creation of the UN and trials for war criminals were discussed | 63 | |
| 6651936523 | Chiang Kai-shek | General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong. | 64 | |
| 6651936524 | Mao Zedong | 1893-1976. Chinese military and political leader who led the Communist Party of China to victory against the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War. Programs led to large unnecessary loss of life and damage to the culture, society, economy, and foreign relations. | 65 | |
| 6651936525 | People's Republic of China | Current name of China Communist government of mainland China; proclaimed in 1949 following military success of Mao Zedong over forces of Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang. | 66 | |
| 6651938910 | Cultural Revolution | Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation. | 67 | |
| 6651940676 | Tiananmen Square Massacre | A political and social protest by university students in Beijing, China in 1989. The protest called for political and social reforms and resulted in the government using the military to end it, which caused hundreds of deaths, thousands of injured, and many more imprisoned. | 68 | |
| 6651940677 | Ho Chi Minh | (1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation. | 69 | |
| 6651940678 | Fidel Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) | 70 | |
| 6651942348 | Cuban Revolution | (1958) A political revolution that removed the United States supported Fugencio Batista from power. The revolution was led by Fidel Castro who became the new leader of Cuba as a communist dictator. | 71 | |
| 6651942349 | Bay of Pigs invasion | failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs. | 72 | |
| 6651942350 | Cuban missile crisis | 1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba | 73 | |
| 6651945319 | Mikhail Gorbachev | Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe. | 74 | |
| 6651945320 | Boris Yeltsin | Was the first President of the Russian Federation from 1991 to 1999. The Yeltsin era was a traumatic period in Russian history—a period marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. | 75 | |
| 6651945321 | Muslim League | an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations | 76 | |
| 6651945322 | Gandhi | Indian nationalist and spiritual leader who developed the practice of nonviolent disobedience that forced Great Britain to grant independence to India (1947). He was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic. | 77 | |
| 6651947172 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. A lawyer by training, he joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913. As leader of the League from the 1920s on, he negotiated with the British/INC for Muslim Political Rights | 78 | |
| 6651947173 | Gamal Nasser | Arab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal, led two wars against the Zionist state, remained a symbol of independence and pride, returned to socialism, and nationalized banks and businesses | 79 | |
| 6651947174 | Tutsi and Hutu | two rival tribes in Rwada, driven apart by radical tribalism | 80 | |
| 6651948315 | Nelson Mandela | ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994. | 81 | |
| 6651948316 | Sharpeville massacre | March 21, 1960 in Sharpeville, by Johannesburg. PAC led campaign of blacks to surrender themselves for arrest and led to small clashes and then the police firing, killing and wounding many. | 82 | |
| 6651948317 | zionists | people who favored a Jewish national homeland in Palestine | 83 | |
| 6651949907 | Arab-Israeli War | Was a six day war in the 1960s that occurred with border incidents between Israel, Syria, and Jordan. Israel captured Jordan's West Bank, Jerusalem, Gaza Strip and Egyptian owned Sinai Peninsula. | 84 | |
| 6651949908 | Palestine Liberation Organization | A political group that claims to represent all Palestinians and to be working toward gaining an independent Palestinian nation. | 85 | |
| 6651951858 | Yassir Arafat | Palestinian leader who, through negotiation with Israel, won recognition for the Palestinian State; founder of the PLO/Fatah/Palestinian Authority | 86 | |
| 6651951859 | Ariel Sharon | Israeli politician and general who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel. Sharon was a commander in the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948 | 87 | |
| 6651951860 | Iranian Revolution | (1978-1979) a revolution against the shah of Iran led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader | 88 | |
| 6651953787 | Ayatollah Khomeini | (1900?-1989) Islamic religious leader who led a fundamentalist revolution in Iran in 1979. Ruled until 1989. | 89 | |
| 6651953788 | Iran-Iraq War | the war began when Iraq invaded Iran on September 22 1980 following a long history of border disputes and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long suppressed Shia majority influenced by Iran's Islamic revolution. | 90 | |
| 6651954973 | Persian Gulf War | (1990 - 1991) Conflict between Iraq and a coalition of countries led by the United States to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait which they had invaded in hopes of controlling their oil supply. A very one sided war with the United States' coalition emerging victorious. | 91 | |
| 6651954974 | Saddam Hussein | President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. Waged war on Iran in 1980-1988. In 1990 he ordered an invasion of Kuwait but was defeated by United States and its allies in the Gulf War (1991). Defeated by US led invasion in 2003. | 92 | |
| 6651954975 | NAFTA | A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries. | 93 |
