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| Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution | ||
| Russian nobility | ||
| Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries | ||
| A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents | ||
| A practice of the Ottoman empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries | ||
| The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God | ||
| Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century | ||
| A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists | ||
| A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society | ||
| The traditional legislative body of France | ||
| The bloodless overthrow of English King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne | ||
| (the Church of) Holy Wisdom, now known as the Ayasofya Museum, was an early Christian Church and later an Eastern Orthodox church which was transformed into a mosque in 1453 by the Turks, and converted into a museum in 1935. It is located in Istanbul, Turkey. | ||
| Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands. Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry. Their extreme conservatism frustrated reform of the Ottoman Empire. | ||
| Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 | ||
| Peoples from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty | ||
| A European economic policy of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available, and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies | ||
| In the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and Indian descent | ||
| The portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas | ||
| Rulers who controlled most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries | ||
| In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent | ||
| A sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity | ||
| A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament | ||
| In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe | ||
| The Hindu custom of secluding women | ||
| Also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro. | ||
| (Reconquest) The recapture of Muslim-held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492 | ||
| In the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided for fair wages | ||
| Self-rule | ||
| A mausoleum located in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahān commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite wife. The Taj Mahal (sometimes called "the Taj") is generally considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian. | ||
| (1603—1868), or Tokugawa bakufu, or Edo bakufu, was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo castle until the Meiji Restoration. | ||
| A 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal | ||
| The eighteenth-century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas | ||
| A political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies |
