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| 14819397330 | Factors Influencing Biodiversity | Salinity (fresh has it low, but some will fall in due to weathering/irrigation), water temperature (cold holds more dissolved oxygen), amount of sunlight, availability of dissolved oxygen in water, nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates, turbidity (cloudiness of water) | 0 | |
| 14819426287 | Division of Oceans | Saltwater is 71% of Earth's surface and freshwater is 2.2%, together covering 3/4 of the Earth's surface |  | 1 |
| 14819443778 | Aquatic Life Zones for Salt and Fresh Water | Salt(marine): oceans and estuaries, coastlands and shorelines, coral reefs, mangrove forests Fresh: lakes, rivers, streams, ponds | 2 | |
| 14819458140 | Plankton: phyto, ultra, zoo | Basis for the food web and all aquatic production, act as plants, producing oxygen for the water life; primary producers for most aquatic food webs; tiny photosynthetic bacteria; secondary consumers, single celled to large invertebrates like jelly fish | 3 | |
| 14819486379 | Nekton | Strong swimmers such as fish, turtles, and whales | 4 | |
| 14819494713 | Benthos | Bottom dwellers such as oysters, sea stars, clams, lobsters, crabs, and sponges | 5 | |
| 14819502146 | Decomposers | Mostly bacteria, break down dead animals | 6 | |
| 14819511163 | Importance of Freshwater Ecosystems | Provide major economic/ecosystem service, irreplaceable reservoirs of biodiversity natural capital | 7 | |
| 14819565316 | Ecological Services of Freshwater Ecosystems | climate moderation, nutrient cycling, waste treatment, flood control, groundwater recharge, habitats for many species, genetic resources and biodiversity, scientific information | 8 | |
| 14819583653 | Economic Services of Freshwater Ecosystems | Food, drinking water, irrigation water, hydroelectricity, transportation corridors, recreation, and employment | 9 | |
| 14819595861 | Freshwater Ecosystems | Contain a low salinity, including lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and inland wetlands, lentic or loadic | 10 | |
| 14819603896 | Lentic | standing water | 11 | |
| 14819603897 | Loadic | constantly moving water | 12 | |
| 14819607950 | Freshwater Lakes | Form in depressions made by glaciers or volcanic activity(Crater Lake) or movement of the Earth's plates | 13 | |
| 14819617766 | The littoral zone | Near the shore and contains shallow, sunlit waters, along with high biological diversity due to the presence of photosynthetic plants and algae | 14 | |
| 14819639012 | The limnetic Zone | Sulit, but further from shore, most of photosynthesis in lakes occurs, produces most of food and oxygen | 15 | |
| 14819644892 | Benthic Zone | Near bottom of a lake, inhabited mostly by decomposers feeding from detritus above | 16 | |
| 14819658810 | Profundal Zone | Deep water too dark for photosynthesis with low oxygen levels | 17 | |
| 14819668011 | Types of Freshwater Lakes | Often classified based on nutrient levels/biological productivity: oligotrophic, eutrophic | 18 | |
| 14819682506 | Oligotrophic | Lake low in nutrients with few number of plankton and algae (Glacier Lake) | 19 | |
| 14819688177 | Eutrophic | Lakes with greater concentrations of nutrients, removes growth limiting factor for algae/plankton | 20 | |
| 14819703811 | Cultural Eutrophication | an increase in fertility in a body of water, the result of anthropogenic inputs of nutrients | 21 | |
| 14819707138 | Streams | Narrow channels of water, often begin in mountainous areas where water (from melting snow/glaciers) moves rapidly across rocks and down waterfalls | 22 | |
| 14819718824 | Rivers | Formed when streams combine with runoff water from surrounding land | 23 | |
| 14819722829 | Source Zone | Cold, rich in oxygen, low in nutrients, usually in the mountains | 24 | |
| 14819736329 | Transition Zone | Streams widen, become deeper and warmed by the Sun | 25 | |
| 14819743224 | Waterflow | Oxygen decreases, but nutrients increase |  | 26 |
| 14819751014 | Estuary | Where rivers meet the sea (river mouths, inlets, bays, sounds, salt marshes, sea-grass beds, mangrove forests | 27 | |
| 14819769901 | Coastal Wetlands | Coastal land covered with water all or part of the year, seawater mixes with freshwater, a very productive ecosystem with high nutrient levels (coastal deltas, mangrove forests), provide natural protection against storms | 28 | |
| 14819797310 | Dams and levees | artificial barriers made to help control flooding, reduce sediments in deltas | 29 | |
| 14819801166 | inundate | flood (coastal areas usually like New Orleans) by rising sea levels | 30 | |
| 14819805723 | Inland Wetlands | lands located away from coasts, covered with freshwater all or part of the time: marshes, swamps, prairie potholes, flood plains, and arctic tundra and provide free ecosystem/economic services | 31 | |
| 14819825069 | Ecosystem/economic services of Freshwater inland areas | filter and degrade toxic wastes, help to replenish streams and recharge groundwater aquifers, recreation areas, reduce flooding and erosion, biodiversity, food and timber | 32 | |
| 14819850440 | Human Activities Threatening Freshwater Systems | Threaten and disrupt ecosystem/economic services provided, dams and canals restrict the flows of rivers, cities and farms pollute water, many wetlands have been drained for human purposes | 33 | |
| 14819870714 | Marine Systems | Irreplaceable biodiversity reservoirs that provide major services(12 trillion dollars a year), containing 3 life zones- coastal, open sea, and ocean bottom | 34 | |
| 14819881979 | Coastal and Marine Environments | Warm, nutrient rich, shallow, shore to edge of continental shelf, usually a high net primary productivity from ample sunlight and nutrients | 35 | |
| 14819896748 | Marine Ecological Services | Oxygen supplied through photosynthesis, water purification, climate moderation, CO2 absorption, nutrient cycling, reduced storm impact, biodiversity with species and habitats | 36 | |
| 14819911077 | Marine Economic Services | Food, energy from waves and tides, pharmaceuticals, harbors and transportation routes, recreation and tourism, employment minerals | 37 | |
| 14819929851 | Coral Reef Importance | Biodiversity, form in clear and warm coastal waters in tropical areas, contain polyps-tiny animals, contain algae that have a mutual relationship with the polyps, polyps secrete calcium carbonate shells which become coral reefs, provide important ecological and economic services, but vulnerable to damage | 38 | |
| 14819951268 | Coral bleaching | A phenomenon in which algae inside corals die, causing the corals to turn white due to warmer ocean temperatures that kill the algae and polyps, increasing ocean acidity | 39 | |
| 14819986267 | Thermocline | a steep temperature gradient in a body of water such as a lake, marked by a layer above and below which the water is at different temperatures. In the ocean, decreases from the euphotic to the abyssal zone | 40 |
