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| 10448200487 | What is the order of the layers starting at Lithosphere? | Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer core, Inner core | 0 | |
| 10448217543 | Describe the Lithosphere | The brittle outermost layer of the planet that is approximately 100 km thick. Lower part of the lithosphere (physical layer) is the upper portion of the mantle (chemical layer). | 1 | |
| 10448218085 | Describe the Asthenosphere | The outer part of the mantle, composed of semi-molten rock | 2 | |
| 10448218086 | Describe the Mesosphere | It is directly above the stratosphere. The temperature decreases when you go up. Meso means middle. Rock in this layer flows more slowly than in the asthenosphere. | 3 | |
| 10448218602 | Describe the Outer Core | Liquid layer composed of nickel and iron | 4 | |
| 10448218603 | Describe the Inner Core | Dense solid layer made of nickel and iron | 5 | |
| 10448221556 | They are 3 different processes...what are they? | Tectonic Cycle - The build up and break down in the lithosphere. Rock Cycle - Constant formation and breakdown of rock. Slowest of all Earth's cycles. Soil formation - Mix of geologic and organic components. | 6 | |
| 10449157114 | Where are the convection currents located? | Mantle Counter clockwise are going against each other Clockwise is pulling them apart | 7 | |
| 10449161183 | Hot Spots | Island form from...crust moves over hot spots, molds, moves and creates an island Volcanos are not active if they are not on these | 8 | |
| 10449167132 | Who proposed Pangaea in 1912? | Alfred Wegener - it fit well under water | 9 | |
| 10449169558 | There are five peaces of evidence that the earth was Pangaea...what are they? | Fossil similarities, Glacier Scars,Rock layering pattern, Coal deposits,Erosion | 10 | |
| 10449173030 | Plate tectonics definition | The theory that states that Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion | 11 | |
| 10449181800 | Fossil similarity evidence | Similar types of rocks/fossils in different continents. Would not make sense if they were in different geographical locations. | 12 | |
| 10449181801 | Glacier Scars | In different continents that are similar | 13 | |
| 10449183032 | Rock layering | Match perfectly in different continents that wouldn't make sense alone | 14 | |
| 10449185267 | Coal desposits | Coal found usually in warm tropical climates were found in arctic regions | 15 | |
| 10449186009 | Erosion | Same in different parts of the world The break down of rock | 16 | |
| 10449199926 | 3 different types of plate boundaries | Divergent, Convergent, Transform | 17 | |
| 10449202643 | They can be ----- or ----- plate boundaries. They can combine as well sometimes. | Continental and/or Oceanic | 18 | |
| 10449207648 | Oceanic crust and lithosphere, are very ---- and ----compared to the continental crust | Dense and Thin | 19 | |
| 10449212701 | Oceanic crust is located --- the continental crust due to its ---- | Below and Density | 20 | |
| 10449215453 | All about Divergent boundaries | They spread apart They create Rift Vallies No volcanic activity Example is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge - newest crust Happens mostly in the ocean Lava fills gaps it makes -which makes new crust Seafloor spreading is also an example Newest crust on earth | 21 | |
| 10449219846 | What type of Convergent boundaries are there? | Continent - Continent Continent - Ocean Ocean - Ocean | 22 | |
| 10449238976 | Continent - Continent | Smash together Mountain ranges are an example No volcanic activity You can find these in Mountain Everest (Rare to find continental plates on land) (Made of lighter materials like silicon dioxide.) | 23 | |
| 10449240392 | Continent - Ocean | Ocean goes below the continental crust Ocean trenches are the result of this Ocean goes underneath and melts into molten lava Volcanic activity Ex: Andes Mountain | 24 | |
| 10449241320 | Ocean - Ocean | Smash together Creates TRENCHES Volcanic activity Found in Canada (Lie primarily below the ocean. The crust is dense and rich with iron.) | 25 | |
| 10449220592 | All about Transform boundaries | Slide past each other Earthquakes happen likes this Make faults and earthquakes (can happen in any boundary put most frequently in transform boundaries) Volcanic activity Found in CALIFORNIA | 26 | |
| 10449268972 | Richter Scale | Increase by a factor of 10 - 6.1 and 7.1 are very different - 10 times as powerful Measures Earthquake magnitude | 27 | |
| 10449280162 | Subduction Zone | Where one plate is being pushed underneath the other | 28 | |
| 10449282243 | Faults | A fracture in rock across which there is movement | 29 | |
| 10449283795 | Epicenter | Point on surface directly above where the earthquake occured | 30 | |
| 10449302764 | Consequences of plate movement - VOLCANOS | As a plate moves over a hot spot, rising magma forms a volcano. 85% occur along plate boundaries. Others occur near hot spots. May eject cinders, ash, dust, rock, or lava into the air. | 31 | |
| 10449306653 | Earthquakes | Occur when the rocks of the lithosphere rupture unexpectedly along a fault. | 32 | |
| 10449319812 | Fault zone | Large expanses of rock where movement has occurred | 33 | |
| 10449344349 | The sun's energy interacts with the atmosphere and the oceans, providing Earth's ---- and ----. | Climate and Weather | 34 | |
| 10449347066 | Composition of Air and Air Pressure | Air contains Nitrogen (78%); Oxygen (21%); Argon (1%); Carbon Dioxide (0.03%); and other gases Water vapor and other contaminants are not included in the composition listed above, yet they play a great effect in temperature in climate and weather. | 35 | |
| 10449352816 | Order of layers starting at Trophosphere | Troposphere, Stratosphere, OZONE LAYER, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere | 36 | |
| 10449395795 | About the layers of the Atmopshere | Weather occurs in the troposphere which is the thinest layer. Warm (Troposphere) - Cold (Stratosphere) - Ozone layer gets warmer - Gets colder (Mesosphere) - Then drastically warmer due to being close to the sun (Thermosphere) Ozone layer - O and O find another O and it keeps happening Things prevent oxygen from bonding such as chloroform carbon. Good ozone is in the stratosphere and the bad ozone is in the troposphere. | 37 | |
| 10449406255 | Troposphere | All weather occurs Gasses are dense and trap the sun's heat (absorbed or reflected (albedo) off the surface) - maintains heat (greenhouse effect) Temperatures decrease with altitude 16oC → -60oC The air is warmed by heat radiating from Earth's surface, the evaporation of water vapor, and water vapor condensing back to Earth. | 38 | |
| 10449412066 | Stratosphere | Where planes fly Look at ozone layer - traps harmful UV rays - eye damage and skin cancer The tropopause (the dividing line between the troposphere and the stratosphere) occurs where the temperature no longer decreases. Contains the ozone layer (O3) that reduces the amount of harmful ultraviolet radiation. Contains 9% of the Atmospheric gases | 39 | |
| 10449429764 | Mesosphere | The stratopause (between the stratosphere and mesosphere) occurs where the temperature stops increasing. Does not trap a lot of heat Coldest layer of the Atmosphere There are very few gas molecules, so the pressure is 1/1000th of that at Earth's surface. | 40 | |
| 10449437004 | Thermosphere | The mesopause (between the mesosphere and thermosphere) occurs where the temperature stops going down. Closest layer to outer space Extreme heat in the top layer (gets the first of the sun's rays) NORTHERN LIGHTS happen here | 41 | |
| 10453940153 | Montreal Protocol | (1987) phase-out of ozone depleting substances | 42 | |
| 10453945699 | Climate and seasons are due to the... | Tilt of our axes as we revolve around the sun | 43 | |
| 10453946312 | Coriolis effect | The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents. - Affect prevailing winds Right = North Left = South | 44 | |
| 10457406718 | Convection Currents | They are under the earth and in the ocean...the rising of heat and sinking of cold air | 45 | |
| 10457408900 | Increase --- --- the closer we get to the Earth | Air density | 46 | |
| 10457411247 | Hadly Cell Ferrell Cell Polar Cell (Angles latitude in parcipitation) | 0 - 30 degrees latitude 30 - 60 degrees latitude 60 -90 degrees latitude | 47 | |
| 10461051335 | Rain shadow effect - What are the steps? | 1) Moist, warm air blows onshore 2) As air rises over mountains, to cools, causing moisture to condense and fall as precipitation 3) Dry air descends and warms, promoting evaporation. Up - Rainy windward slope...Down - Dry leeward slope |  | 48 |
| 10461056486 | North America is affected by El Nino by... | Floods the Americas, but causes droughts in other countries. | 49 | |
| 10461059330 | ENSO | El Nino Southern Oscillation | 50 | |
| 10461061119 | El Nino is naturally occurring humans do not affect it TRUE OR FALSE | True - Dry get wet and wet places become dry. California floods and places like Florida gets dry. La Nina is the opposite. | 51 | |
| 10461061692 | Permafrost | Permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground - supposed to be PERMANENTLY FROZEN | 52 | |
| 10461062023 | Prevailing Winds | Global winds that blow constantly from the same direction | 53 | |
| 10470113259 | Unequal heating | Caused by albedo or reflection of sun off the atmosphere. About the atmosphere and what distance it has to go through equator is closer to the sun so it has a shorter distance to travel. | 54 | |
| 10539081295 | Deep ocean currents or Density currents | The deeper, salter, colder water moves underneath the surface current in different patterns | 55 | |
| 10539082659 | Ocean currents | A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern | 56 | |
| 10539084114 | Surface currents | Develop from friction between the ocean and the wind that blows across the surface | 57 | |
| 10539084844 | Gyre | A circular motion of water in each of the major ocean basins | 58 | |
| 10539087022 | Climate is affected when cold and warm currents go to different places in the world TRUE or FALSE | True | 59 | |
| 10539088018 | Hydrosphere | The portion of the Earth that is composed of water | 60 | |
| 10539089380 | 70% of the earth is water | 97% is Ocean water 3% is fresh water Only .0071% as usable freshwater at the surface (We use mroe than avaliable) | 61 | |
| 10539093400 | H20 Cycle - Water cycle | Transpiration is when the plants soak up some of the water. |  | 62 |
| 10539096336 | Groundwater | Water stored beneath the earth's surface | 63 | |
| 10539097765 | Porosity | The amount of air space between the rock and the soil Lot of space = more porosity Not much space = low porosity | 64 | |
| 10539099281 | Permeability | A material's ability to allow fluids to pass | 65 | |
| 10539105943 | Impermeable layers | Water can flow through very easily; soil has very small pores spaces; ex: clay | 66 | |
| 10539106994 | Zone of Saturation | - Area where groundwater fills up all pores in the soil - The zone of aeration is above the Zone of saturation - The water table is the boundary between these two zones (goes up and down) | 67 | |
| 10539108909 | Well has to go into the water table, can cause a --- --- --- (the water table moves) | Cone of depression | 68 | |
| 10539111347 | Groundwater is not really renewable because we use more faster than it --- | Renews | 69 | |
| 10539114495 | Groundwater depletion | Groundwater subsidence (sinking) can occur if water is used faster than it is replenished | 70 | |
| 10539115625 | Wetlands - land consisting of marshes, bogs or swamps; saturated land - permanent or semi-permanent | - Only 4 states have more wetlands then NC - Organisms live in wetlands, some migrate there - provide a home - Full of plants, soaking wet, water comes from rain storms and is muddy - Filters water - Help control floods, and soak up water - Water sticks to water, plants slow water down with roots of plants - Wetlands are made when a stream runs through the forest floor - Makes estuaries when lakes mixes with ocean water and creates wetlands | 71 | |
| 10539116791 | Human use: Conflicts, and how people use it, agriculture, production of products, etc. OF WATER | Soil Erosion - Know about Desertification - The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. Salinization - The process of increasing salt content. Waterlogging - Saturate with water; make (something) waterlogged. KNOW THIS | 72 | |
| 10539123737 | Soil | - Lots of time to form - soil is broken down rocks -- Weathering - Physical - Anything that breaks a rock apart - Chemical - Erosion -- Things affecting soil - Time , topography, organisms, climate, parent material - Composition - Can take 50 - 100 years -- Climate - Need non-freezing temps to encourage decomposition plus climate determines vegetation which provides the organic matter for soil | 73 | |
| 10539127379 | Horizon (soil wise) | Organic (O)(close to black in color) - Topsoil (A) - Subsoil (B) - Parent Rock © | 74 | |
| 10539130086 | Soil Conservation, What can we do to maintain soil? | - Replenish organic material - Crop Rotation - Reduce man-made or natural erosion from plowing (agriculture) - Use animal poop | 75 | |
| 10539133711 | Parent Material | - The type of rocks naturally found in an area - Quartz sand based rocks create nutrient depleted soil that is not good for farming - Soil with calcium carbonate parent material will have plenty of calcium, a high pH and be good for farming | 76 | |
| 10539136268 | Climate | Need non-freezing temps to encourage decomposition plus climate determines vegetation which provides the organic matter for soil | 77 | |
| 10539137848 | Topography | - Geographical features of the area -- Steep slopes will constantly erode leading to poor soil - River deltas have seasonal flooding that deposit nutrients and silt which lead to good soil - Organisms help churn soil mixing nutrients evenly plus they aid in decomposition and nutrient cycling | 78 |
