Terms : Hide Images
| 7362965125 | sustainability | using less than nature replenishes so there is always adequate supply | 0 | |
| 7362973410 | water is needed for? | sanitation, cooking, growing food, producing energy | 1 | |
| 7362984595 | human water use | hydration // kills bacteria | 2 | |
| 7362989930 | cooking water use | kills bacteria (e coli & salmonella) | 3 | |
| 7362994792 | producing energy water use | electricity production, fossil fuel extraction, tourism | 4 | |
| 7363002352 | ecosystem water use | maintain habitats and ecosystem services // plants provide oxygen [environmental] | 5 | |
| 7363009101 | photosynthesis | 6C02 + 6h20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 | 6 | |
| 7363017440 | Watershed | The face of the mountain which directs water into rivers, lakes, etc ( catchment area) | 7 | |
| 7363020740 | Surface Run off | feed rivers, lakes, reservoirs and returns the water to the ocean | 8 | |
| 7363025255 | transpiration: | water evaporates through plants | 9 | |
| 7363027701 | infiltration: | water coming in (shallow water) penetrating soil | 10 | |
| 7363030281 | percolation: | deep water [ 1 mile] to fill up aquifers, way deeper than soil level | 11 | |
| 7363036466 | water in the air | 10 days | 12 | |
| 7363038390 | water in reservoirs | 10 years | 13 | |
| 7363040465 | water in the ground/ glaciers | 10,000 years | 14 | |
| 7363048920 | when does run off occur | occurs when the precipitation cannot soak into the ground | 15 | |
| 7363052920 | water table | top of groundwater | 16 | |
| 7363061944 | perennial | permanent stream (year round) | 17 | |
| 7363065786 | effluent | flows out of ground (exit) |  | 18 |
| 7363074546 | ephemeral | on & off (seasonal) | 19 | |
| 7363078647 | influent: | flows into the ground (in) |  | 20 |
| 7363084045 | aquifer: | an underground area that stores groundwater | 21 | |
| 7363087036 | 2 types of aquifers | -confined (trapped) water between 2 impervious layers -unconfined (untrapped) only 1 impervious layer | 22 | |
| 7363093296 | artesian aquifer | water will squirt water out bc more pressure from the rock to squeeze it out |  | 23 |
| 7363097977 | vadose zone | soil |  | 24 |
| 7363098934 | cone of depression | water table gets depressed around the well |  | 25 |
| 7363110066 | overdraft | too much water taken out | 26 | |
| 7363113252 | pollutants | oil, brake dust, sediment, plastic, cigarette butts and nutrients (fertilizer) | 27 | |
| 7363117798 | 2 consequences of paved surfaces | more pollutants & not recharging aquifers | 28 | |
| 7363121884 | urbanization effects | -prevents recharge -creates flood if water isn't able to soak into the ground | 29 | |
| 7363126868 | eutrophication | nutrients (fertilizer & pet waste) in water consequence = less oxygen | 30 | |
| 7363132766 | reduce storm runoff? | capture water: Reduce impervious surfaces at home and increase the vegetated land cover of your property. | 31 | |
| 7391253958 | Subsidence | -compacts the soil making it less productive since air and water cannot flow easily through it. -causes tilting and cracking in city buildings, | 32 | |
| 7497650931 | most water we use is from what? | surface water (snow melt) | 33 | |
| 7497659865 | most water we have goes to industry | industrialized purposes | 34 | |
| 7497665992 | daily water per capita | 100 gallons | 35 | |
| 7497669424 | largest water use | 1/2 of water is OUTDOOR use | 36 | |
| 7497674713 | largest indoor water use | toilet | 37 | |
| 7497682261 | human benefit for keeping water in ecosystem: | good @ cycling nutrients (nutrients needed to grow plants) , human food (rice, cranberrries) grows in wetlands, use bacteria in wetlands to degrade toxins in water | 38 | |
| 7497691055 | biggest user of freshwater | aggriculture | 39 | |
| 7497695781 | Industrial uses include | ooling systems, paper milling, mining (including hydrofracking) and processing of goods. Water sold for domestic uses include household and landscape needs. | 40 | |
| 7497707094 | off stream use | plants, animals (including humans), agriculture and industry and is not returned to its source | 41 | |
| 7497718447 | Freshwater shortages can be due to | -overdrawn -rivers changing course -pollution -compettiton | 42 | |
| 7497728574 | anthropogenic | comes from man, begins with humans | 43 | |
| 7497737066 | water diversion : | canals, ditches, aqueducts are used to transport water but negatively affects ecosystems (flood plains around them) | 44 | |
| 7497747628 | Aral Sea | inland freshwater lake (too much water was consumed for agriculture) (rice, wheat, cotton) | 45 | |
| 7497760567 | 6 Consequences of diversion | -salinity of the remaining water increases as water evaporates but salt remains -Water temperature increases - fish kills -Air pollution -Damage to local economy due to loss of fishing and port services -local climate change | 46 | |
| 7497778865 | colorado river | removed too much water for irrigation & urban use (severe reduction in the volume of water and stream flow) | 47 | |
| 7497788059 | Consequences of diversion | -Reduced habitat -Less clean drinking water supply -threatens outdoor recreation -Natural cycles of flooding and drought are disrupted, reducing soil fertility | 48 | |
| 7554849164 | how is water used in the body | **blood: helps transport nutrients between the organs and throughout the body, it also allows for the digestion of food, and the communication between cells | 49 | |
| 7554852258 | domestic conversation strategy | -price water differently (based on usage) | 50 | |
| 7554855402 | Domestic conservation strategy (outdoors) | -Replacing lawns with more drought tolerant plants (called xeriscaping - gray water -rain barrels -mulch and installing drip irrigation | 51 | |
| 7554860541 | Domestic conservation strategy: indoors | low flow toilets, shower heads and front loading washers | 52 | |
| 7554862034 | Urban conservation strategy | -use waste water -reuse -captured by bioswales (ditch planted with vegetation- a rain garden) or permeable pavement. -fix aging infrastructure -RESTORING WETLANDS | 53 | |
| 7554869073 | Wetland Characteristics | 1. areas with standing water on the ground for at least part of the year 2. particular type of plants such as mosses, sedges, cattails, lily pads, pond weeds, bulrushes 3. wetland soils are full of water with poor drainage so very little oxygen present (anaerobic soil) | 54 | |
| 7554871572 | Wetland Benefits | Provide habitats for rich diversity of plants and animals Help maintain water quality Stores water and recharges aquifer Reduces frequency and severity of flooding downstream Good for recreation, educational and tourist activities Provides food, medicine and building material | 55 | |
| 7554874989 | Agricultural water management and conservation strategy | -Use drip irrigation -Monitor soil moisture -Irrigate in the early morning or evening -Mulching -Growing less water intensive -Growing several crops on each plot of land (polyculture) -irrigate with treated wastewater i | 56 | |
| 7554883848 | Industrial conservation strategy | reuse | 57 | |
| 7554886065 | deliver water | dams, wetlands modifed, rivers channelized | 58 | |
| 7554890307 | examples of wetlands | marshes, swamps, bogs, prarie potholes, vernal pools | 59 | |
| 7554893003 | wetland common feature | wet at least part of the year & have a particular type of vegetation | 60 | |
| 7554897503 | 3 commmon feature of wetlands | hydrology (wetness) , type of vegetation, type of soil | 61 | |
| 7554902703 | vertical accretion | build up | 62 | |
| 7554904712 | how are wetlands submerged | subsidence (sinking) // slow rise in sea // deprived o sediments, water & nutrients | 63 | |
| 7554924297 | Environmental policy act of 1969 | must create additional wetlamds | 64 | |
| 7554926864 | 4 advantages of damming a river | -recreational activties -generate electricity -provides flood control -more stable water supply | 65 | |
| 7554930297 | 4 disadvantages of damming a river | -loss of land, agricultural & biological resoucres -potential flood hazard -fragmentation of ecosystems -downstream changes in hydrology | 66 | |
| 7611300010 | what is a levee | presents water from going places undesirable | 67 | |
| 7611302502 | what is a dam | barrier that runs across a river // it stores water // splits downstream & upstream | 68 | |
| 7611308909 | what is a canal & aqueduct | thing used to transport the water far distances | 69 | |
| 7611334216 | channelization | narrowing and straightening the river | 70 | |
| 7611362479 | bad effects of levees | -increase the speed of the river, causing more erosion -prevent sediments from leaving the rive -force flooding further downstream - loss of wetlands since the water is blocked off | 71 | |
| 7611374329 | good effects of levees | -prevent flooding -allow for safe residential and commercial use of land next to rivers. | 72 | |
| 7611385447 | levee breaks consequences: | social: will cause mold in the houses leads to respiratory disease // depression from loss of life economic: many damages to the city means much reparations ($) environmental: animal & plants will die = lower biodiversity | 73 | |
| 7611408098 | World's largest dam | china | 74 | |
| 7611413223 | dam break consequences | -displaces people -Habitats become damaged due to upstream flooding -interrupting fish migration and spawning -Increase sediment load in the river upstream, -Blocking sediments downstream, | 75 | |
| 7760519906 | Dams affect water quantity and quality | -upstream has larger surface area so more evaporation -Increase in nutrients from flooded farms = fish kills -downstream has reduced flow so heats up faster (becomes warmer). Warm water holds less dissolved oxygen, leading to fish kills. | 76 | |
| 7760536853 | how can fishes reach their mates | -fish ladders -fish cannons | 77 | |
| 7760543560 | NEW water from dams and aqueducts must be cleaned through | -Coagulation (and flocculation) uses ALUM and LIME to attract suspended particles in the water. -Sedimentation allows the water to sit around for hours, settling out the larger particles -Filtration is the process of removing solids by passing it through a membrane or filter -Disinfection is often done with chlorine | 78 | |
| 7760554810 | managing existing water supplies | -RECLAMATION-Treating and reusing wastewater (toilet to tap or purple pipe system) -CONSERVATION i | 79 | |
| 7760565220 | 1 st stage of wastewater treatment (primary treatment) | -Screening, filtration and sedimentation to catch large solid particles like grit and soil, plus flotation to remove oils and grease -good at removing nutrients -by screening you can divide big & small particles (in water) - Wastes that have different densities than water are physically removed | 80 | |
| 7760570379 | wastewater | sewage | 81 | |
| 7760616283 | Secondary Treatment | -Biological treatment using aerobic bacteria to consume dissolved organic waste -Disinfection using chlorine, ozone or UV light to kill any pathogens still in the water -BETTER at removing nutrients -feeding pollutants to bacteria (eats poop) | 82 | |
| 7760638006 | harmful nutrients to environment | nitrates (NO-3) phospates (PO3-4) | 83 | |
| 7760640750 | BOD (biological oxygen demand) | organic waste | 84 | |
| 7760655273 | Disinfect: | removing pathogens / killing bacteria | 85 | |
| 7760661819 | Turbidity: | cloudy | 86 | |
| 7768164200 | disadvantages of wastewater treatment | -produces solid waste (sludge) .. takes up space -does not remove chemicals (metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals) that interfere w/ fish -produces methane (leads to climate change) | 87 | |
| 7768177709 | Mitigating the disadvantages | -using a digester to anaerobically break down some of the organic solids, then collecting the methane -can be used as biofuel. Waste can provide a resource! -treated wastewater not suitable for drinking can still be used for cooling or irrigation | 88 | |
| 7768184139 | Tertiary treatment | -turns wastewater to DRINKING water -uses reverse osmosis | 89 | |
| 7768195780 | reverse osmosis | -uses pressure to force wastewater through a set of plastic membranes with very small pores -The membranes remove hormones, salts, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals and pathogens from the water, | 90 | |
| 7768200482 | potable | drinkable | 91 | |
| 7768203181 | final water treatment step | -ALWAYS disinfection -Chlorine, ozone and UV light are commonly used | 92 | |
| 7768207018 | Desalination: | remove salt from drinkable water | 93 | |
| 7768212411 | safe Drinking Water act | -Set and enforce minimum standards for purity of tap (drinking) water -Protect sources of drinking water | 94 | |
| 7768212412 | Clean Water Act | -turn water to their fishable and swimmable conditions -Prevents pollution in water -sets standards for wastewater returning to bodies of waters | 95 | |
| 7768223220 | Dissolved Oxygen (DO) | -Large numbers of aerobic bacteria lower DO -Concentration of DO is also affected by temperature **higher temp = less dissolved oxygen | 96 | |
| 7768235164 | cellular respiration is needed by aquatic animals | all living things (plants, animals, people) need oxygen for cellular respiration | 97 | |
| 7768236549 | diurnal | daily | 98 | |
| 7768242901 | cellular respiration equation | 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energu (ATP) | 99 |
