Terms : Hide Images
| 8222779769 | Wangari Maathai | Woman who started the green belt movement to plant millions of trees. |  | 0 |
| 8222779770 | Old growth, primary growth | -uncut/regenerated -not seriously disturbed by human activities for 200 years |  | 1 |
| 8222779771 | Secondary growth forest | regrowth after old growth is cut down |  | 2 |
| 8222779772 | Tree plantations | -managed forest -one or two species of trees at same age -harvested |  | 3 |
| 8222779773 | Selective cutting | Mature trees cut in small groups or singly |  | 4 |
| 8222779774 | Clear-cutting | Remove all trees |  | 5 |
| 8222779775 | Strip cutting | Clear cutting strips along contour |  | 6 |
| 8222779776 | Surface fires | Only burn undergrowth and leaf litter, kill seedlings but mature trees and animals can live |  | 7 |
| 8222779777 | Crown fire | Extremely hot moves from tree top to tree top burns the whole tree |  | 8 |
| 8222779778 | Deforestation | Temporary or permanent removal of large expenses of forest for agriculture or settlements; most concentrated occurrences are in less-developed countries, esp. tropical. |  | 9 |
| 8222779779 | Strategies to improve forest management | National parks, planting trees, and stopping logging | 10 | |
| 8222779780 | Rangeland | Unfenced and unmanaged grasslands in temperate and tropical climates |  | 11 |
| 8222779781 | Pastures | Fenced meadows and managed grasslands planted with domesticated grasses |  | 12 |
| 8222779782 | Rotational grazing | Cattle are confined to one area then moved to another. |  | 13 |
| 8222779783 | Ways to manage rangelands more sustainably | Rotational grazing, ranchers can move cattle by placing food, ponds, tanks, and salt blocks strategically in certain spots, and they can suppress the growth of unwanted invader plants by using herbicides, mechanically removing, or controlled burning | 14 | |
| 8222779784 | Buffer zone | An outer area of a reserve meant to be mined and deforested so other areas are not |  | 15 |
| 8222779785 | Buffer zone concept | Strictly protecting an inner core of a reserve by establishing two buffer zones | | 16 |
| 8222779786 | Habitat corridor | Protected area between isolated preserves that helps to support more species and allow migration |  | 17 |
| 8222779787 | Ecosystems approach | 1. Map and create and inventory of terrestrial ecosystems 2. Identify resilient ecosystems that can recover, as well as fragile ecosystems 3. Locate and protect endangered ecosystems and species 4. Seek to restore as many degraded systems as possible 5. Make development biodiversity-friendly providing financial and technical help to private landowners who help protect endangered ecosystems |  | 18 |
| 8222779788 | Biodiversity hot spots and emergency action strategy | Identify and protect biodiversity hotspots that have most of the world's plant and animal species. By protecting it would keep away human activities that disrupt. | 19 | |
| 8222779789 | Life raft ecosystem | Protect both human communities and natural biodiversity in areas of high poverty where the economy depends on ecosystem services | 20 | |
| 8222779790 | Ecological restoration | Returning a degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as similar as possible to its natural state |  | 21 |
| 8222779791 | Ecological rehabilitation | Turning a degraded ecosystem into a functional or useful ecosystem with trying to return it to its original condition (removing pollutants, replanting to reduce soil erosion in mine sites and landfills, and in clear cut forests) |  | 22 |
| 8222779792 | Replacement | Replacing a degraded ecosystem with another type of ecosystem (degraded forest could be replaced by a productive pasture or tree plantation) | 23 | |
| 8222779793 | Creating artificial ecosystems | (Creating wetlands to help reduce flooding or to treat sewage) | 24 | |
| 8222779794 | Reconciliation | Inventing, establishing, and maintaining new habitats to conserve species diversity in places where people live, work, or play (share) | 25 | |
| 8222779795 | Wilderness act (1964) | Created definition of wilderness National parks service, us forest services, us fish and wildlife service and the bureau of land management are in charge of 106 million acres of federal wilderness |  | 26 |
| 8222779796 | Wild and scenic rivers act(1968) | Classified rivers as wild, scenic, or recreational. Preserves and protects certain rivers with outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values in a free-flowing condition for enjoyment of present and future generations. |  | 27 |
| 8222779797 | National parks | -over 1000 -managed for scientific, educational, and recreational use -in most cases, not used for extraction of resources |  | 28 |
| 8222779798 | Wildlife refuges | -established to protect wildlife -in US, consists of 93 million acres |  | 29 |
| 8222779799 | Wilderness areas | -established to protect species and ecosystems -wild it primitive portions of national forests, parks, and wildlife refugees -timbering, most commercial activity, motor vehicles, humans, and man made structures are prohibited |  | 30 |
| 8222779800 | tipping point | an ecosystem reaches a level of degradation where it cannot recover to it's previous levels and is irreversibly changed. | 31 | |
| 8222779801 | prescribed burns | purposely set small contained surface fires to remove flammable smaller trues and underbrush; helps to manage forest fires |  | 32 |
| 8222779802 | Fuel | Primary use of all wood harvested globally each year |  | 33 |
| 8222779803 | conservation concessions | governments or private conservation organizations pay nations for agreeing to preserve their natural resources |  | 34 |
| 8222779804 | forage | vegetation for grazing and browsing animals |  | 35 |
| 8222779805 | Brazil | country with the most remaining tropical rain forests |  | 36 |
| 8222779806 | Underlying causes for tropical deforestation | population growth pressures, poverty, timber exports |  | 37 |
| 8222779807 | Direct causes for tropical deforestation | Roads, cattle ranching, logging | 38 | |
| 8222779808 | Fuelwood solutions | fuelwood tree plantations, burning garden wastes, efficiency testing | 39 | |
| 8222779809 | overgrazing | too many animals grazing for too long, causing damage to the grasses and their roots |  | 40 |
| 8222779810 | Malpai Borderlands | ranchers and environmentalists have brought this area back from the degraded state it was in due to overgrazing, erosion, and lack of fires | 41 | |
| 8222811714 | debt-for-nature swap | Forgiveness of international debt in exchange for nature protection in developing countries |  | 42 |
| 8222832624 | biogas generator | methane generator which uses waste products to generate cooking gas |  | 43 |
| 8222826831 | kenaf | fast growing plant that can be harvested for pulp to make paper, sparing trees |  | 44 |
| 8222893106 | biofuel | A fuel produced from dry organic matter or combustible oils produced by plants. |  | 45 |
| 8222917431 | Forest Stewardship Council | Certifies sustainable management and harvesting of forests |  | 46 |
| 8222927822 | conservation easement | restrictions put on land deeds that bar future owners from developing the land |  | 47 |
| 8222935095 | riparian zones | . thin strips of lush vegetation along streams or rivers |  | 48 |
| 8222957326 | gray wolf | is the largest wild canine, once had the largest natural distribution of any mammal. |  | 49 |
| 8222982510 | Madagascar | an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa; 90% of forests have been cut down | 50 |
