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APES- Chapter 20 Flashcards

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8149558210Well-BeingThe status of being healthy, happy, and prosperous.0
8149558211EconomicsHow humans as individuals or companies allocate scare resources in the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.1
8149558212Genuine Progress IndicatorA measurement of the economy that considers personal consumption, income distribution, levels of higher education, resource depletion, pollution, and the health of the population. WHILE gdp RISES, gpi STAYS STEADY.2
8149558213Technology TransferLess developed countries adopt technological innovations developed in wealthy countries.3
8149558214Kuznets CurveAs per capita increases, environmental degradation first increases and then decreases.4
8149558215LeapfroggingNew technology develops in such a way that makes the older technology obsolete and unnecessary.5
8149558216MicrolendingPractice of loaning small amounts of money to people who intend to start a small business in less developed countries. Improves quality of life, increases income, increases confidence, empowers women and sound environmental practices, lowers fertility rate so the population stabilizes, and local markets develop so less fuel is used to transport goods.6
8149558217Natural CapitalResources of the planet such as air, water, and minerals.7
8149558218Human CapitalRefers to human knowledge and abilities.8
8149558219Manufactured capitalAll goods and services that humans produce.9
8149558220Market FailureWhen an economic system doesn't appropriately account for all costs10
8149558221Environmental EconomicsExamines the costs and benefits of various policies and regulations that seek to regulate pollution and degradation.11
8149558222Ecological EconomicsTreats economics as a component of ecological systems.12
8149558223VaulationAssigning monetary value to intangible benefits and natural capital.13
8149558224Anthropocentric WorldviewHuman centered worldview. Considers that human beings have intrinsic value.14
8149558225StewardshipSubset of anthropocentric worldview that is the careful and responsible management and care for Earth and its resources.15
8149558226Biocentric WorldviewLife centered. Humans are one of many species, all of which have intrinsic value.16
8149558227Ecocentric WorldviewEarth centered. Equal value on all living organisms and the ecosystems they live in.17
8149558228United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)A group within the United Nations responsible for gathering environmental info and research and assessing environmental problems.18
8149558229World BankProvides technical and financial assistance to developing countries to reduce poverty and promote growth.19
8149558230World Health Organization (WHO)A group within the United Nations responsible for human health, including combating the spread of infectious diseases and health issues related to natural disasters.20
8149558231United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)A program of the United Nations that works to improve living conditions through economic development.21
8149558232Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)A U.S. government agency that creates federal policy and oversees enforcement of regulations related to the environment,including science, research, assessment, and education.22
8149558233Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)A U.S. federal agency responsible for the enforcement of health and safety regulations in the workplace.23
8149558234Department of Energy (DOE)A U.S. government agency created in 1977 with the goal of advancing the energy and economic security of the United States.24
8149558235Human Development Index (HDI)A measure of economic well-being that combines life expectancy, knowledge, education,and standard of living as shown in GDP per capita and purchasing power.25
8149558236Human Poverty Index (HPI)A multidimensional measure of poverty, measuring longevity, knowledge, economic provisioning and social inclusion.26
8149558237Command and Control ApproachSets regulations for emissions and controls with fines and punishments27
8149558238Incentive Based ApproachFinancial benefits and incentives for lowering emissions.28
8149558239Green TaxTax places on environmentally harmful activities or emissions.29
8149558240Triple Bottom LineMust take into account 3 factors economic, environmental, and social when making decisions.30
8149558241UN Millennium DeclarationsEradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV, malaria, and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, and develop a global partnership for development.31
8149558242Environmental WorldviewA worldview that encompasses how people think the world works, how they view their role in it, and what they believe to be proper behavior regarding the environment.32
8149558243United Nations (UN)An institution dedicated to promoting dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace.33

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