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APES Chapter 2 Vocabulary House

Erin Kelley

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197149127MatterAnything that occupies space and has mass.
197149128MassMeasure of the amount of matter is contains.
197149129AtomThe smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element.
197149130ElementComposed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler compnents.
197149131Periodic TableList of the elements currently known.
197149132MoleculesParticles containing more than one atom.
197149133CompoundsMolecules that contain more than one element.
197149134Atomic NumberThe number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element.
197149135Mass NumberThe total number of protons and neutrons in an element.
197149136IsotopesAtoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons, therefore, diferent mass numbers.
197149137Radioactive DecayRelease of material from the nucleus.
197149138Half-LifeThe time is takes for one half of the original radioactive atoms to decay.
197149139Covalent BondsElements that do not gain or lose electrons.
197149140Ionic BondsThe attraction between opposite charged ions.
197149141Hydrogen BondsA weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen bonds are convalently bonded.
197149142Polar MoleculeOne side is more positive and the other side is more negative.
197149143Surface TensionThe cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water.
197149144Capillary ActionAdhesion of water molecules to a surface of water is stronger than cohesion between molecules.
197149145AcidHydrogen Ions in a solution.
197149146BaseHydroxide ions in a solution.
197149147pH ScaleIndicate the strength of acids and bases.
197149148Chemical ReactionAtoms seperate from the molecules they are apart of.
197149149Law of Conservation of MatterMatter cannot be created or destoryed; it can only change form.
197149150Inorganic CompoundsCompounds that do not contain carbon.
197149151Organic CompoundsCompunds that have carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
197149152ProteinsLong chains of nitrogen-containing organic molecules called amino acids.
197149153Nucleic AcidsAn organic compound found in all living things.
197149154DNAGenetic material organisms pass on to their offspring that contains a code for reproduction.
197149155RNACode stored in the DNA and allows for sythesis of proteins.
197149156LipidsMolecules that do not mix with water.
197149157CellA living enity that consists of four types of macromolecules, surrounded by a membrane.
197149158EnergyThe ability to do work or transfer heat.
197149159Electromagnetic RadiationForm of energy including visible light, UV light, and infrared radiation which we percieve as heat.
197149160PhotonsMassless packets of energy that travel at the speed of light.
197149161JouleThe amount of energy used when a 1-watt light bulb is turned on for a second.
197149162PowerThe rate at which work is done.
197149163Potential EnergyEnergy that is stored but has not yet been released.
197149164Kinetic EnergyThe energy of motion.
197149165Chemical EnergyPotential energy stored in chemical bonds.
197149166TemperatureMeasure of the average kinetic energy of a substance.
197149167First Law of ThermodynamicsEnergy cannot be created or destroyed.
197149168Second Law of ThermodynamicsWhen energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes.
197149169Energy EfficiencyThe ration of the amount of work done to the total amount of energy introduced.
197149170Energy QualityThe ease of an energy source at work.
197149171EntropyAll systems move towards randomness rather than toward order.
197149172Closed SystemMatter and energy exchanges across system boundaries do not occur.
197149173InputAdditions to a given system.
197149174OutputLosses from a system.
197149175System AnalysisDetermines inputs, outputs, and changes in the system under various conditions.
197149176Steady StateIf inputs equal outputs.
197149177FeedbackThe results of a process feed back into the system to change the rate of the process.
197149178Negative Feedback LoopA system responds to a change by returning to its original state.
197149179Positive Feedback LoopChange in a system is amplified.
197149180Adaptive Management PlanA stradegy providing flexibility so that maagers can modify changes that occur.

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