Unit 1 Review
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| 14740063201 | Ecology | Study of the relationship between organisms and their surroundings | 0 | |
| 14740063202 | Sustainable | Use something in a way that it is not destroyed or depleted | 1 | |
| 14740063203 | Intrinsic value | Value something has simply by its existence, not dependent upon economic value | 2 | |
| 14740063204 | Habitat | Can be thought I'd as the address of a species or organism | 3 | |
| 14740063205 | Niche | The role that an organism plays in its environment, it's job | 4 | |
| 14740063206 | Coevolution | Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other; example: flowering plants and pollinators | 5 | |
| 14740063207 | Mutualism | A relationship between two species in which both species benefit | 6 | |
| 14740063208 | Parasitism | A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed | 7 | |
| 14740063209 | Commensalism | A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected | 8 | |
| 14740063210 | Biome | A terrestrial area that contains specific types of living organisms, often determined by the plants | 9 | |
| 14740063211 | Turbidity | Cloudiness of water | 10 | |
| 14740063212 | Positive feedback loop | An event that causes a system to change in the same direction | 11 | |
| 14740063213 | Negative feedback loop | An event that causes a system to reverse its path or direction | 12 | |
| 14740063214 | Synergy | The combined effect of 2 or more factors is greater than their individual effects added up | 13 | |
| 14740063215 | Net primary productivity | Gross primary productivity minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration | 14 | |
| 14740063216 | Gross primary productivity | Rate that producers capture and store energy as biomass | 15 | |
| 14740063217 | Sequestration | Long term storage of something | 16 | |
| 14740063218 | Rule of 10 | Each level of a food chain receives 10% of the energy from the level below it | 17 | |
| 14740063219 | What are the four major areas/ sinks of water storage on earth? | atmosphere, surface water, ocean, and ground water (stored in aquifer) | 18 | |
| 14740063220 | 2 methods by which water on land returns to the oceans | Surface runoff and percolation | 19 | |
| 14740063221 | What are human impacts of the hydrologic cycle? | Increased runoff on land covered with crops, buildings, and pavement, over pumping of aquifers, increased runoff from cutting forests and filling wetlands, and water pollution | 20 | |
| 14740063222 | What are the main sinks in the carbon cycle? | Plants, the ocean, and soil | 21 | |
| 14740063223 | What are human impacts of the carbon cycle? | Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, forest fires, and transportation | 22 | |
| 14740063224 | What are the major sinks of the nitrogen cycle? | Atmosphere, plants, animals, decomposers, and soil | 23 | |
| 14740063225 | What are human impacts of the nitrogen cycle? | Burning fuel and using inorganic fertilizers, fertilizer runoff and decomposition, and commercial nitrogen fertilizer | 24 | |
| 14740063226 | What important organisms have a role in the nitrogen cycle? | Bacteria (nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and n- fixing bacteria) | 25 | |
| 14740063227 | In what ways is nitrogen gas removed from the atmosphere? | Lightning and n- fixing bacteria | 26 | |
| 14740063228 | What is the only form of nitrogen that non- legume plants can take in and use? | Nitrates in soil | 27 | |
| 14740063229 | What do the denitrifying bacteria do during the denitrifying process? | They convert nitrates, which are what plants need, back to atmospheric nitrogen. | 28 | |
| 14740063230 | What are the major sinks of the phosphorus cycle? | (Sedimentary) Rock, water, soil, and plants | 29 | |
| 14740063231 | What are human impacts of the phosphorus cycle? | Fertilizers, (animal or mining) waste, and runoff | 30 | |
| 14740063232 | What makes the phosphorus cycle different from the other cycles? | it never goes through the atmosphere; phosphorus cannot be found in the gaseous state | 31 | |
| 14740063233 | What conditions are rocky intertidal organisms exposed to? | High and low tides; must avoid being smashed by waves during high tide and must protect self during low tide; need to survive changing levels of salinity and temperature | 32 | |
| 14740063234 | Littoral Zone (Freshwater) | Near the shore and consists of the shallow sunlit waters to the depth at which rooted plants stop growing; high biodiversity | 33 | |
| 14740063235 | Limnetic Zone (Freshwater) | The open, sunlit surface layer away from the shore that extends to the depth penetrated by sunlight; main spot for photosynthesis for phytoplankton NOT plants | 34 | |
| 14740063236 | Benthic Zone (Freshwater) | Bottom layer that is inhabited mostly by decomposers, detritus feeders, and some bottom- feeding species of fish; deep, cold, and less sunlight | 35 | |
| 14740063237 | Photic zone (ocean) | The sunny top layer which supports photosynthesis and hosts most of the ocean's organisms | 36 | |
| 14740063238 | Mesopelagic zone (ocean) | Begins 200 meters deep and is home to many microorganisms | 37 | |
| 14740063239 | Bathyal zone (ocean) | Dark as midnight and is where many whales go to feed | 38 | |
| 14740063240 | Abyssal zone (ocean) | Almost freezing cold and many fantastic creatures live there | 39 | |
| 14740063241 | Halal zone (ocean) | Deepest ocean trenches | 40 | |
| 14740063242 | Oligotrophic lakes | nutrient-poor and generally oxygen-rich; often deep and can have steep banks, cold, and have more layers | 41 | |
| 14740063243 | Eutrophic lakes | A lake that has a high rate of biological productivity supported by a high rate of nutrient cycling; shallow and have murky brown or green water; older because you need nutrients to break dead organisms down over time | 42 | |
| 14749454448 | What is an estuary? | area where freshwater meets saltwater (where rivers enter into oceans) | 43 | |
| 14749454449 | What is a coastal wetland? | Areas on the coast that are periodically or permanently flooded with freshwater. | 44 | |
| 14749454450 | How are upwellings important? | They bring cool and nutrient- Rick water from the bottom of the ocean to the warmer surface in areas that normally have low nutrient levels | 45 | |
| 14749454451 | How is cultural eutrophication different than "natural" eutrophication? | Cultural eutrophication is when humans add nutrients to lakes which can put excessive nutrients into lakes while natural eutrophication is the natural process of putting nutrients into lakes | 46 | |
| 14749454452 | Apex predator | the top predator in an ecosystem; structural support of an ecosystem; "keystone species" | 47 | |
| 14749454453 | Trophic cascade | Apex predator controlling the distributions of resources and the affect the apex predator has on the levels below it | 48 | |
| 14749454454 | climate of tropical rainforest | -Constant high temperature (26C) -High rainfall (over 2500mm yr^-1) -High levels of insolation due to closeness to equator -Little seasonal variation in sunlight and temperature | 49 | |
| 14749454455 | climate of temperate deciduous forest | - Four distinct seasons - Mild summers averaging 70F - Winters average a little below freezing | 50 | |
| 14749454456 | Climate of Taiga | -the latitude results in long cold winters and cool short summers -winds bring bitterly cold weather from the Artic Circle to this region during the fall and winter | 51 | |
| 14749454457 | Climate of tropical savanna | - 20- 30 C - often only two seasons: wet season and dry season | 52 | |
| 14749454458 | Climate of temperate grassland | -Seasonal rain -Hot, wet summers and cold winters | 53 | |
| 14749454459 | climate of chaparral | hot and dry | 54 | |
| 14749454460 | Climate of desert | driest of all biomes, fewer than 30 cm of rainfall each year | 55 | |
| 14749454461 | Climate of tundra | very cold winters, cold summers, and little rain or snow | 56 | |
| 14749454462 | 8 processes that nitrogen is passed through the earth | - denitrification by bacteria - nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuel and using inorganic fertilizers - electrical storms - nitrates from fertilizer runoff and decomposition - decomposition - commercial nitrogen fertilizer - uptake by plants - nitrification by bacteria | 57 |
