Terms : Hide Images
| 7522362971 | Resilience | the ability of a living terrestrial system to be restored through secondary ecological succession after a more severe disturbance | 0 | |
| 7522390870 | permafrost | underground soil in which captured water stays frozen for more than two years | 1 | |
| 7522411629 | commensalism | an interaction that benefits one species but has little beneficial or harmful affect on another | 2 | |
| 7522428399 | mutualism | 2 species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each other with food, shelter, etc | 3 | |
| 7522442620 | carrying capacity | the maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinetly | 4 | |
| 7522455951 | population density | number of indiviguals in a population found within a defined area or volume | 5 | |
| 7522468463 | rain shadow effect | an area having relatively little precipitation due to the effect of a topographic barrier that causes the prevailing winds to lose their moisture on the windward side, causing dryness | 6 | |
| 7522487365 | species richness | number of species found in a community or ecosystem | 7 | |
| 7522500577 | species evenness | a measure of the relative abundance, or the comparative numbers of indiviguals of each species present | 8 | |
| 7522513806 | secondary ecological succession | process started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population or species | 9 | |
| 7522527019 | primary ecological succession | occurs in essentially lifeless areas where region's soil is incapable of sustaining life | 10 | |
| 7522541203 | greenhouse effect | trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface | 11 | |
| 7522560880 | resource partitioning | when species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources | 12 | |
| 7522570843 | interspecific competition | is a form of competition in which indiviguals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem | 13 | |
| 7522584775 | coevolution | the influence of closely associated species on each other in their revolution | 14 | |
| 7522592854 | parasitsm | the practice of living as a parasite in or another organism | 15 | |
| 7522598567 | specialist species | have narrow niches, may only be able to live in one type of habitat | 16 | |
| 7522605546 | generalist species | have broad niches, can live in many places | 17 | |
| 7522615771 | ecological niche | the role and position a species has in its environment | 18 | |
| 7522621891 | habitat | where an animal lives | 19 | |
| 7522627172 | inertia | the ability of an ecosystem such as a grassland or forest to survive moderate disturbances | 20 | |
| 7780577752 | renewable resource | resource which can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally. Examples include oxygen, fresh water, solar energy and biomass. Renewable resources may include goods or commodities such as wood, paper and leather | 21 | |
| 7780585725 | sustainable yield | maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the largest average catch that can be captured from a stock under existing environmental conditions | 22 | |
| 7780589861 | full cost pricing | a practice where the price of a product is calculated by a firm on the basis of its direct costs per unit of output plus a markup to cover overhead costs and profits | 23 | |
| 7780591924 | tragedy of the commons | an economic theory of a situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action | 24 | |
| 7780600143 | integrated waste management | a comprehensive waste prevention, recycling, composting, and disposal program. An effective ISWM system considers how to prevent, recycle, and manage solid waste in ways that most effectively protect human health and the environment | 25 | |
| 7780604322 | landfill leachate | the liquid that drains or 'leaches' from a landfill. It varies widely in composition regarding the age of the landfill and the type of waste that it contains | 26 | |
| 7780605767 | waste incineration | a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials | 27 | |
| 7780608976 | photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water | 28 | |
| 7780613506 | producer (autotroph) | an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) | 29 | |
| 7780619791 | primary consumer | herbivores, feeding on plants | 30 | |
| 7780620989 | secondary consumer | carnivores, organisms, primarily animals, which eat primary consumers | 31 | |
| 7780625983 | decomposer vs detritivore | decomposers break down the dead organisms through decomposition while the detritivores consume the decaying organisms | 32 | |
| 7780631356 | aerobic respiration | process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen | 33 | |
| 7780641882 | food chain vs food web | a food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. ... Food webs consist of many interconnected food chains and are more realistic representation of consumption relationships in ecosystems | 34 | |
| 7780646152 | biomass | total mass of all living material in a specific area, habitat, or region | 35 | |
| 7780650622 | gross primary productivity | the amount of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time | 36 | |
| 7780654026 | net primary productivity | the amount of carbon uptake after subtracting Plant Respiration (RES) from Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) | 37 | |
| 7780658424 | high quality energy | organized or concentrated to perform useful work | 38 | |
| 7780660097 | low quality energy | dispersed and disorganized and has little ability to do work | 39 | |
| 7780668900 | positive feedback loop | enhance or amplify changes; this tends to move a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable | 40 | |
| 7780683836 | negative feedback loop | tend to dampen or buffer changes; this tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable | 41 | |
| 7780695628 | crude birth and death rate | The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year. The crude death rate is the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year | 42 | |
| 7780705407 | total fertility rate | The number of children who would be born per woman (or per 1,000 women) if she/they were to pass through the childbearing years bearing children according to a current schedule | 43 | |
| 7780730027 | population momentum | the proportion between the size of a stable (unchanging) population to the total size of the initial population that experiences a drastic shift in fertility to replacement rate | 44 | |
| 7780733359 | rule of 70 | a way to estimate the number of years it takes for a certain variable to double. To estimate the number of years for a variable to double, take the number 70 and divide it by the growth rate of the variable | 45 | |
| 7780736268 | IPAT model | an equation that expresses the idea that environmental impact (I) is the product of three factors: population (P), affluence (A) and technology (T) | 46 | |
| 7780738404 | malnourishment | a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals | 47 | |
| 7780746854 | mass extinction vs background extinction | Background extinction refers to the normal extinction rate. These are species that go extinct simply because not all life can be sustained on Earth and some species simply cannot survive. Mass extinction is a widespread event that wipes out the majority (over 50%) of living plants and animals | 48 | |
| 7780752018 | genetic diversity | the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species | 49 | |
| 7780753426 | ecosystem services | grouped into four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits | 50 | |
| 7780756309 | invasive species | can be any kind of living organism—an amphibian (like the cane toad), plant, insect, fish, fungus, bacteria, or even an organism's seeds or eggs—that is not native to an ecosystem and causes harm. They can harm the environment, the economy, or even human health | 51 | |
| 7780760913 | r-selected species | are those that emphasize high growth rates, typically exploit less-crowded ecological niches, and produce many offspring, each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood | 52 | |
| 7780763219 | k-selected species | possess relatively stable populations and tend to produce relatively low numbers of offspring; however, individual offspring tend to be quite large in comparison with r-selected species | 53 | |
| 7780771560 | habitat fragmentation | an umbrella term describing the complete process by which habitat loss results in the division of large, continuous habitats into a greater number of smaller patches of lower total area, isolated from each other by a matrix of dissimilar habitats | 54 | |
| 7780774564 | wildlife corridors | a link of wildlife habitat, generally native vegetation, which joins two or more larger areas of similar wildlife habitat. Corridors are critical for the maintenance of ecological processes including allowing for the movement of animals and the continuation of viable populations | 55 | |
| 7780778396 | clear cutting vs selective cutting | Selective logging—the practice of removing one or two trees and leaving the rest intact—is often considered a sustainable alternative to clear-cutting, in which a large swath of forest is cut down, leaving little behind except wood debris and a denuded landscape. | 56 | |
| 7780782558 | prescribed burns | a technique sometimes used in forest management, farming, or prairie restoration. Fire is a natural part of both forest and grassland ecology and controlled fire can be a tool for foresters | 57 | |
| 7780785462 | endangered species act | provides for the conservation of species that are endangered or threatened throughout all or a significant portion of their range, and the conservation of the ecosystems on which they depend. | 58 | |
| 7780787916 | CITES law | an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival | 59 |
