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APES Forestry and Rangelands Flashcards

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11884568559land managementLand management is involved when humans think about and choose certain ways to use land that have less negative effects on the environment and more positive effects on production, transportation, and general use.0
11884574324RangelandsGrasslands and open woodlands suitable for livestock grazing1
11884578495Forestsland dominated by trees and other woody vegetation and sometimes used for commercial logging2
11884583386National Forestarea of federally-owned land where logging and grazing are permitted under more heavily-managed conditions3
11884587563Federal Rangelandsrangelands managed by the United States Government of about 770 million total acres4
11884592197Primary forestnatural forest uncut by people5
11884598418Secondary ForestA forest that has regrown after harvesting. Usually cut over and over in the same spot (no big trees)6
11884602350US Forest ServiceA federal agency that manages public lands in national forests and grassland7
11884614617National Forest Serviceestablished to oversee areas of forest and grassland that were in danger (1905)8
11884628544OvergrazingDestruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing animals consuming the plants in a particular area so they cannot recover9
11884634149DeforestationThe removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.10
11884638689Forest FiresSurface, Crown, Ground (in order) usually burn only under growth and leaf litter on forest floor; hot fires, may start on ground but eventually leap from treetop to treetop; go underground, may smolder for days or weeks, difficult to detect and extinguish, i.e. peat bogs.11
11884642272Clear CuttingThe process of cutting down all the trees in an area at once12
11884654161selective cuttingthe removal of select trees in an area; this leaves the majority of the habitat in place and has less of an impact on the ecosystem.13
11884661164Economic values of foreststimber for lumber and fuel source of food raw material for many medicines14
11884671558seed-tree cuttingRemoval of nearly all trees on a site in one cutting, with a few seed-producing trees left uniformly distributed to regenerate the forest15
11884676884shelterwood cuttingthe practice of cutting dead and less desirable trees first and later cutting mature trees16
11884690089multiple use policynational forests are to be managed for recreation, habitat, minerals, and other uses17
11884694184National Forest Management ActLegislation passed by the U.S. Congress in 1976, mandating that plans for renewable resource management be drawn up for every national forest.18
11884699406prescribed burnA fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor19
11884702843healthy forest restoration actact passed in 2003 that allows timber companies to cut down economically valuable medium size and large trees in 71% of the country's national forests in return for clearing away smaller, more fire prone trees and underbrush20
11884707348salvage loggingthe removal of dead trees following a natural disturbance21

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