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| 8727106007 | What is Earth System Science? | The study of relationships between Earth's spheres. | 0 | |
| 8727115651 | What are the primary spheres? | Lithosphere (Land), Hydrosphere (Water), Biosphere (Living Things), Atmosphere (Air) | 1 | |
| 8727147598 | What is Environmental Science? | The branch of science that deals with the physical, chemical and biological components of the environment and their effects on organisms. | 2 | |
| 8727211517 | What is Ecology? | The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings. | 3 | |
| 8727228087 | What is Natural Capital? | Geology, Air, Water, Soil, Living Things | 4 | |
| 8727277533 | What are characteristics of a sustainable society? | -Meet needs in a just and equitable manner -Natural capital - geology, air, water, soil -Natural resources -Natural services -Balance of capital, resources and services | 5 | |
| 8727300270 | Rule of 70 | Years to double = 70 / annual % growth rate |  | 6 |
| 8727330661 | Developed Country | -Overconsumption -High GDP $$$ -Technology -18% of World Population | 7 | |
| 8727365975 | Developing Country | -Low GDP -Little to no industrialization -82% of World Population | 8 | |
| 8727384844 | Renewable Resource | A resource that can be replaced on a sustainable basis within human lifetimes |  | 9 |
| 8727402313 | Tragedy of the Commons | Common resources are depleted for individual gain | 10 | |
| 8727412388 | Root Causes of Environmental Problems | -Poverty -Rapid population growth -Resource depletion -Habitat destruction -Pollution | 11 | |
| 8729475073 | I-PAT Equation | A three-factor equation that describes humans' environmental impact. Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology | 12 | |
| 8729515770 | Technological Optimist | A person that believes that human ingenuity will keep environment sustainable | 13 | |
| 8729549978 | Environmental Wisdom | The belief that we are part of nature, that economic systems should be sustainable | 14 | |
| 8729560980 | Frontier Worldview | The belief that undeveloped land is to be exploited to its fullest extent, resources are inexhaustible | 15 | |
| 8729597842 | Synergistic Effect | When the effect of two factors combined is stronger than the effect they have on their own. | 16 | |
| 8729674236 | 7 Characteristics of Life | -Composed of Cells: -Different Levels of Organization -Use Energy -Respond To Their Environment -Grow -Reproduce -Adapt To Their Environment: | 17 | |
| 8729682306 | Paradigm Shift | A drastic change in theory or thought | 18 | |
| 8729911098 | Positive Feedback Loop | Change is reinforced (Continues to ) | 19 | |
| 8729911099 | Negative Feedback Loop | Change is negated (Has no effect) | 20 | |
| 8729966636 | Open System | Matter and energy exchanges occur across system boundaries | 21 | |
| 8729974510 | Closed System | Energy exchanges, but no matter exchanges | 22 | |
| 8729986803 | Isolated System | No matter or energy exchanges | 23 | |
| 8729996952 | FIRST Law of Thermodynamics | Law of Conservation of Energy - Energy cannot be created nor destroyed | 24 | |
| 8730010971 | SECOND Law of Thermodynamics | When energy is transformed, some of it is lost to heat. Energy loses quality as it is transferred. | 25 | |
| 8730026395 | pH | Measure of the acidity of a solution |  | 26 |
| 8730075758 | Trophic Levels | Level in a food pyramid/chain. 1. Producers 2. Primary Consumers 3. Secondary Consumers 4. Tertiary Consumers 5. Quarternary Consumers |  | 27 |
| 8730083845 | Net Primary Productivity (NPP) | Amount of energy available at the bottom of the food pyramid (Producers) before any is lost. |  | 28 |
| 8730091248 | Critical Ecosystems | Swamps, marshes, estuaries, tropical rainforests, coral reefs. Highest productivity! | 29 | |
| 8730338687 | Species Richness | Number of different species | 30 | |
| 8730347469 | Species Evenness | How evenly distributed the species are | 31 | |
| 8730473335 | Allopatric Speciation | The formation of new species because two groups have been separated by geography | 32 | |
| 8730476428 | Sympatric Speciation | The formation of new species even though the two groups are living in the same area | 33 | |
| 8730478955 | Biome | Distinct biological communities of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. 6 major types: Freshwater, Marine, Desert, Forest, Grassland, Tundra. |  | 34 |
| 8730478956 | Systems Analysis | -Models simulate and accelerate field and lab studies -Analysis of field studies | 35 | |
| 8730484647 | Keystone Species | A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically. Ex. Sea Otter | 36 | |
| 8730484648 | Intrinsic Growth Rate | The rate at which a population increases in size if there are no density-dependent forces regulating the population. | 37 | |
| 8730487628 | Climate | The composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. | 38 | |
| 8730487629 | Weather | The atmospheric conditions, including the temperature, wind, snow, rain, or anything else happening outside. | 39 | |
| 8730492010 | Evolution | The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. | 40 | |
| 8730502282 | Abiotic | Nonliving Ex. Rocks | 41 | |
| 8730502283 | Biotic | Living | 42 | |
| 8730506624 | What determines climate? | Latitude, altitude, proportion of land to water, and proximity to oceans and mountains | 43 | |
| 8730518547 | HIPPO | Causes of biodiversity loss. H- Habitat destruction I- Invasive species P- Pollution P- Population O- Overexploitation | 44 | |
| 8730518548 | Photochemical Smog | Chemical reaction of VOCs, NOX, Sunlight | 45 | |
| 8730522758 | Sources of Air Pollution | Primarily the burning of fossil fuels | 46 | |
| 8730525301 | Atmospheric Haze Clouds | Combination of ash, acids and particulates in the atmosphere, creates a toxic brown cloud | 47 | |
| 8730528664 | Thermal Temperature Inversion | Warm air is sandwiched between cold air, as opposed to normal conditions where cold air sits above warm air. Caused by pollution/smog |  | 48 |
| 8730528665 | Acid Deposition | Any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic. | 49 | |
| 8730532334 | Air Quality Legislation | -Clean Air Acts -National Ambient Air Quality Standards -Clean Power Plan -Fugitive Methane Regulation -Montreal Protocol -Kyoto Protocol | 50 | |
| 8730537046 | Intrinsic Value | The value that something has in itself | 51 | |
| 8730547960 | Instrumental Value | The value something has because it helps us achieve something else | 52 | |
| 8730547961 | Biophilia | Love of life | 53 | |
| 8730553710 | Life Expectancy | Average time an organism is expected to live | 54 | |
| 8730553711 | Infant Mortality Rate | Number of babies (per 1000) that die before they turn 1 | 55 | |
| 8731089640 | Child Mortality Rate | Number of children (per 1000) that die before they turn 5 | 56 | |
| 8730557242 | Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | Number of births per 1000 | 57 | |
| 8730560143 | Crude Death Rate (CDR) | Number of deaths per 1000 | 58 | |
| 8730563350 | Theory of Demographic Transition | The theory that population growth follows a 4-5 stage model. |  | 59 |
| 8730569931 | Positive Externality | Positive effect on something that had nothing to do with the activity that generate the positive effect. (Ex. Your friend Bob doesn't get a disease because you got a vaccine that prevented you from transferring it to him.) | 60 | |
| 8730648518 | Negative Externality | Negative effect on something that had nothing to do with the activity that generated the negative effect. (Ex. A fish dies because of human-caused water pollution) | 61 | |
| 8730668003 | Ecological Footprint | A measure of the amount of biologically productive land and water area an individual, a city, a country, a region, or all of humanity uses to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates with today's technology and resource management practices. |  | 62 |
| 8730668004 | Plate Tectonics | Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle. |  | 63 |
| 8730682154 | Biotic Potential | Maximum reproductive rate of a population | 64 | |
| 8730688654 | Logistic Growth Curve (S) | Resources are limited | 65 | |
| 8730848410 | Exponential Growth Curve (J) | Resources are unlimited | 66 | |
| 8730688655 | Population Crash | Sudden, drastic decline in numbers of individual members of a population | 67 | |
| 8730690938 | K-Strategist | -Larger -Long lifespan -Long time to reproduce -Require specialized niches -Few offspring -Raises offspring Ex. Human, lion, elephant |  | 68 |
| 8730694379 | R-Strategist | -Smaller -Many offspring -Do not raise offspring -Short lifespan Ex. Mouse, bacteria, fly |  | 69 |
| 8730697254 | Survivorship Curve | Age structure represented by a survivorship curve Type 1- Late Loss High survival of most life Type 2- Constant Loss Die at all ages Type 3- Early Loss Most die at young ages | 70 | |
| 8730703719 | Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The total number of children a woman has (per 1000) during her childbearing years | 71 | |
| 8730706918 | Population Dynamics | Factors that describe the size, density, dispersion, and age structures of a population | 72 | |
| 8730711084 | Niche | Physical environment to which a species has become adapted | 73 | |
| 8730715117 | Limiting Factor | An individual factor that limits a population | 74 | |
| 8730724372 | Replacement Fertility | 2 children to replace the parents (Technically 2.1) | 75 | |
| 8730728499 | Rock Cycle |  | 76 | |
| 8730739311 | Anthropogenic | Human-caused | 77 | |
| 8731414544 | 6 Criteria Air Pollutants | 1. Lead (Pb) 2. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 3. Nitrous Oxides (NOx) 4. Carbon Monoxide (CO) 5. Particulate Matter (PM) 6. Tropospheric Ozone | 78 | |
| 8731443014 | Atmospheric Structure | 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Argon | 79 | |
| 8731448139 | Commensalism | Positive effect on one species, no effect on the other (Ex. lichen growing on trees: lichen has a place to grow, tree is unaffected) | 80 | |
| 8731450500 | Mutualism | Positive effect on both species | 81 | |
| 8731453415 | Predation | One species benefits, other dies | 82 | |
| 8731457121 | Parasitism | One organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another. The victim of the parasite will either die or become ill. | 83 | |
| 8731475475 | Overshoot | Death rate catches up to birth rate after exceeding capacity | 84 | |
| 8731480114 | Stable Population Curve | Fluctuates above and below capacity (Constant environments) | 85 | |
| 8731483274 | Irruptive Population Curve | Populations explode, then crash to stable level | 86 | |
| 8731486368 | Cyclic Population Curve | Boom-and-bust cycles (Top-down regulation by predators, bottom-up regulation by prey) | 87 | |
| 8731497221 | Irregular Growth Curve | Drastic change (Drought) | 88 | |
| 8731505732 | Bottleneck Effect | A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide). | 89 | |
| 8731517259 | Founder Effect | Subset of gene pool establishes a new population | 90 | |
| 8731536826 | Radioactive Decay | Unstable isotope spontaneously releases energy at a constant rate | 91 |
