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| 30799584 | atom | the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element | |
| 30799585 | proton | positively charged particle of an atom | |
| 30799586 | neutron | a subatomic particle that has the same mass as a proton but no electric charge | |
| 30799587 | electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle | |
| 30799588 | hypothesis | an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested | |
| 30802195 | atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | |
| 30802252 | cells | the basic unit of all living things | |
| 30803314 | chemical change | a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter | |
| 30803315 | chemical formula | a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance | |
| 30803316 | chemical reaction | the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances | |
| 30803317 | chromosome | distinct thread-like structures located in the nucleus composed of the genetic information of the cell | |
| 30803318 | compounds | substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding. every molecule of a compound is the same. | |
| 30803319 | deductive reasoning | Thinking that moves from general principles to specific cases. Two or more premises used to reach a conclusion. The conclusion is ALWAYS true if premises are true | |
| 30803320 | electromagnetic radiation | radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge | |
| 30803321 | elements | simple substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances | |
| 30803322 | energy | The capacity to do work or to produce heat | |
| 30803323 | energy efficiency | the amount of useful energy that can come from a system | |
| 30803324 | energy productivity | the same as energy efficiency, a measure of how much useful work is accomplished by a particular input of energy into a system | |
| 30803325 | energy quality | A measure of an energy's source's ability to do useful work. | |
| 30803326 | experiments | a research method in which the investigator manipulates one ormore factors to observe their effect on some behavior or mental proce while controlling other relevent factors by random assingment of subjects | |
| 30803327 | feedback loop | Occurs when an output of matter, energy, or information is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system. | |
| 30803328 | first law of thermodynamics | states that energy is conserved. It is neither created nor destroyed underneath normal conditions. | |
| 30803329 | flows | a throughput of matter and energy within the system at certain rates, and outputs to the environment. | |
| 30803330 | frontier science | Preliminary scientific data, hypotheses, and models that have not been widely tested and accepted | |
| 30803331 | genes | the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein | |
| 30803332 | heat | the transfer of thermal energy | |
| 30803333 | high-quality energy | energyconcentrated at a high capacity to do useful work | |
| 30804190 | high-quality matter | highly concentrated, found near the earth's surface and has great potential as a resource | |
| 30804191 | inductive reasoning | inferring general principles from specific examples | |
| 30804192 | inorganic compounds | compounds that do not contain carbon | |
| 30804193 | inputs | resources such as energy, matter and information from the environment entering a system | |
| 30804194 | isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain | |
| 30804195 | kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion | |
| 30804196 | law of conservation of energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another | |
| 30804197 | law of conservation of matter | the idea that matter is neither created nor destroyed in only changes form | |
| 30804198 | low-quality energy | Energythat is dispersed and has little ability to do useful work. Ex: low temp heat | |
| 30804199 | mass number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | |
| 30804200 | matter | anything that occupies space and has mass | |
| 30804201 | matter quality | a measure of how useful a substance is, based on availability, accessibility, and concentration | |
| 30804202 | molecule | the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance that has all the properties of that substance | |
| 30804203 | natural radioactive decay | A nuclear change in which unstable isotopes spontaneously emit fast-moving chunks of matter (alpha or beta particles), high-energy radiation (gamma rays), or both at a fixed rate. | |
| 30804204 | negative feedback loop | A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving | |
| 30804973 | nuclear change | Occurs when nuclei of certain isotopes spontaneously change or are made to change into nuclei of different isotopes. | |
| 30804974 | nuclear fission | A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy | |
| 30804975 | nuclear fusion | the combination of the nuclei of small atoms to form a larger nucleus; releases energy | |
| 30804976 | organic compounds | carbon-based molecules (most abundant compound besides water) | |
| 30804977 | paradigm shift | Rare, radical changes in thought or scientific views. | |
| 30804978 | pH | a value that indicated the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0-14, based on the proportion of H+ ions. | |
| 30804979 | physical change | one in which the form or appearance of matter changes, but not its composition | |
| 30804980 | positive feedback loop | Causes a system to change further in the same direction. | |
| 30804981 | potential energy | stored energy that is latent but available for use. A rock poised at the top of a hill or water stored behind a dam are examples. | |
| 30804982 | radioactive isotopes | their nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate of time | |
| 30804983 | radioisotopes | heavier isotopes that are unstable and tend to decompose to become more stable | |
| 30804984 | science | Search for understanding the natural world using inquiry and experimentation | |
| 30804985 | scientific (natural) law | A description of what scientists find happening in nature repeatedly in thesame way without exception. | |
| 30804986 | scientific hypothesis | is a testable assumption, or guess, often used to explain an observed phonomenon | |
| 30804987 | scientific theory | a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations | |
| 30805470 | second law of thermodynamics | any conversion of heat energy to useful work, some of the initial energy input is always converted to low quality, more dispersed, less useful energy. | |
| 30805471 | synergistic interaction | Interaction of two or more factors or processes so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects | |
| 30805472 | synergy | the interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects | |
| 30805473 | system | a collection of structures, cycles, and processes that relate to and interact with each other | |
| 30805474 | throughputs | rate of flow of matter, energy and information into a system - a process that allows input to be changed so it is useful to system (text example: gasoline to car) | |
| 30805475 | time delays | Time lag between the input of a stimulus into a system and the response to the stimulus |
