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APES (Miller 18) Ch 1 - Intro APES Flashcards

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7251726759biodiversityVariety of different species, genetic variability among individuals within each species, variety of ecosystems, and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities.0
7251726760biodegradable pollutantsMaterial that can be broken down into simpler substances by bacteria or other decomposers. Paper and most organic wastes such as animal manure are biodegradable but can take decades to biodegrade in modern landfills.1
7251726761developed countriesCountry that is highly industrialized and has a high per capita GDP. *aka more-developed country2
7251726762cultureWhole of a society's knowledge, beliefs, technology, and practices.3
7251726763developing countriesCountry that has low to moderate industrialization and low to moderate per capita GDP. Most are located in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. *aka less-developed country4
7251726764ecological footprintAmount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply a population with the renewable resources it uses and to absorb or dispose of the wastes from such resource use.5
7251726765ecologyBiological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment; study of the structure and functions of nature.6
7251726766economic growthIncrease in the capacity to provide people with goods and services; an increase in gross domestic product.7
7251726767ecological tipping pointPoint at which an environmental problem reaches a threshold level, which causes an often irreversible shift in the behavior of a natural system.8
7251726768environmentAll external conditions, factors, matter and energy, living and nonliving, that affect any living organism or other specified system or, "...everything that isn't me."9
7251726769economic developmentImprovement of human living standards by economic growth.10
7251726770environmental degradationDepletion or destruction of a potentially renewable resource such as soil, grassland, forest, or wildlife that is used faster than it is naturally replenished.11
7251726771environmental ethicsHuman beliefs about what is right or wrong with how we treat the environment.12
7251726772environmental scienceInterdisciplinary study that uses information and ideas from the physical sciences with those from the social sciences, and humanities to learn how nature works, how we interact with the environment, and how we can help deal with environmental problems.13
7251726773environmental worldviewSet of assumptions and beliefs about how people think the world works, what they think their role in the world should be, and what they believe is right and wrong environmental behavior.14
7251726774environmentalismSocial movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and other species.15
7251726775environmentally sustainable societySociety that meets the current and future needs of its people for basic resources in just and equitable manner without compromising the ability of future generations of humans and other species from meeting their basic needs.16
7251726776exponential growthGrowth in which some quantity, such as population size or economic output, increases at a constant rate per unit of time.17
7251726777gross domestic product (GDP)Annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.18
7251726778input pollution controlDevice, process, or strategy used to prevent a potential pollutant from forming or entering the environment or to sharply reduce the amount entering the environment. *aka pollution prevention19
7251726779less-developed countriesCountry that has low to moderate industrialization and low to moderate per capita GDP. Most are located in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.20
7251726780more-developed countriesCountry that is highly industrialized and has a high per capita GDP.21
7251726781natural capitalNatural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies.22
7251726782natural incomeRenewable resources such as plants, animals, and soil provided by natural capital.23
7251726783natural resourcesMaterials such as air, water, and soil, and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans.24
7251726784natural servicesProcesses of nature, such as purification of air and water and pest control, which support life and human economies.25
7251726785nondegradable pollutantsMaterial that is not broken down by natural processes. Examples include the toxic elements lead and mercury.26
7251726786nonpoint sourcesBroad and diffuse areas, rather than points, from which pollutants enter bodies of surface water or air.27
7251726787nonrenewable resourcesResource that exists in a fixed amount (stock) in the earth's crust and has the potential for renewal by geological, physical, and chemical processes taking place over hundreds of million to billions of years. Examples include copper, aluminum, coal, and oil.28
7251726788nutrient cyclingThe circulation of chemicals necessary for life, from the environment (mostly soil and water) through organisms and back to the environment.29
7251726789organismsAny form of life.30
7251726790output pollution controlUndesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of air, water, soil, or food that can adversely affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms. *aka pollution31
7251726791per capita ecological footprintAmount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply each person or population with the renewable resources they use and to absorb or dispose of the wastes from such resource use. It measures the average environmental impact of individuals or populations in different countries and areas.32
7251726792per capita GDPAnnual gross domestic product (GDP) of a country divided by its total population at midyear.33
7251726793perpetual resourceEssentially inexhaustible resource on a human time scale because it is renewed continuously. Solar energy is an example.34
7251726794planetary management worldviewWorldview holding that humans are separated from nature, that nature exists mainly to meet our needs and increasing wants, and that we can use our ingenuity and technology to manage the earth's life-support systems, mostly for our benefit. It assumes that economic growth is unlimited.35
7251726795point sourcesSingle identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the environment.36
7251726796pollutionUndesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of air, water, soil, or food that can adversely affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.37
7251726797pollution cleanupDevice or process that removes or reduces the level of a pollutant after it has been produced or has entered the environment.38
7251726798pollution preventionDevice, process, or strategy used to prevent a potential pollutant from forming or entering the environment or to sharply reduce the amount entering the environment.39
7251726799povertyInability of people to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter.40
7251726800recyclingTo collect and reprocess a resource so that it can be made into new products.41
7251726801renewable resourceResource that can be replenished rapidly (hours to several decades) through natural processes as long as it is not used up faster than it is replaced.42
7251726802resourceAnything obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants.43
7251726803reuseTo use a product over and over again in the same form.44
7251726804social capitalResult of getting people with different views and values to talk and listen to one another, find common ground based on understanding and trust, and work together to solve environmental and other problems.45
7251726805speciesGroup of similar organisms, and for sexually reproducing organisms, they are a set of individuals that can mate and produce fertile offspring.46
7251726806stewardship worldviewWorldview holding that we can manage the earth for our benefit but that we have an ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers or stewards, of the earth. IT calls for encouraging environmentally beneficial forms of economic growth and discouraging environmentally harmful forms.47
7251726807sustainabilityAbility of earth's various systems, including human cultural systems and economies, to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely.48
7251726808sustainable yieldHighest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply.49
7251726809environmental wisdom worldviewWorldview holding that humans are part of and totally dependent on nature and that nature exists for all species, not just for us. Our success depends on learning how the earth sustains itself and integrating such environmental wisdom into the ways we think and act.50

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