Unit 3
Terms : Hide Images
| 7696787353 | population ecology | The study of populations in relation to the environment, including environmental influences on population density and distribution, age structure, and variations in population size | 0 | |
| 7696787354 | population density | number of individuals per unit area | 1 | |
| 7696787355 | birth rate | the number of babies born per 1,000 people in an area | 2 | |
| 7696787356 | death rate | the number of deaths per 1,000 people in an area | 3 | |
| 7696787357 | growth rate | the natural increase of a population, expressed as percent per year | 4 | |
| 7696787358 | dispersal | movement of individuals among populations | 5 | |
| 7696787359 | immigration | dispersal of individuals into a population from another area or country | 6 | |
| 7696787360 | emigration | dispersal of individuals from a population, bound for another are or country in which to live | 7 | |
| 7696787361 | natural increase rate | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. | 8 | |
| 7696787362 | biotic potential | maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions | 9 | |
| 7696787363 | exponential population growth | Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time. | 10 | |
| 7696787364 | environmental resistance | All the limiting factors that tend to reduce population growth rates and set the maximum allowable population size or carrying capacity of an ecosystem | 11 | |
| 7696787365 | carrying capacity | (K) represents the largest population that can be maintained for an indefinite period by a particular environmnet | 12 | |
| 7696787366 | survivorship | probability that a given individual in a population will survive to a particular age | 13 | |
| 7696787367 | density- dependent factor | an environmental factor whose effects on a population change as population density change: it tends to retard pop. growth as population density increases and enhance pop growth as pop density decreases | 14 | |
| 7696787368 | density- independent factor | an environmental factor that affects the size of pop but is not influenced by changes in pop density | 15 | |
| 7696787369 | zero population growth | when a pop is no longer increasing (or decreasing) (b)rate = (d)rate | 16 | |
| 7696787370 | doubling time | the number of years it will take a population to double in size, given its current growth rate | 17 | |
| 7696787371 | infant mortality rate | the # of infant deaths per 1,000 live births | 18 | |
| 7696787372 | replacement- level fertility | # of children a couple must have to "replace" themselves | 19 | |
| 7696787373 | total fertility rate | the average number of children born to each woman during her lifetime | 20 | |
| 7696787374 | MDCs | USA, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, Australia, Japan | 21 | |
| 7696787375 | MDC | low growth rate highly industrial low birth rates low infant mortality rates longer life expectancy | 22 | |
| 7696787376 | moderately developed countries | (b)rates & IMR are higher than MDCs. medium level of industrialization | 23 | |
| 7696787377 | LDCs | Bangladesh, Nigera, Ethiopia, Laos, Cambodia | 24 | |
| 7696787378 | LDC | opposite of MDC status | 25 | |
| 7696787379 | demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. | 26 | |
| 7696787380 | preindustrial stage | (b)rates and (d)rates are high, pop grows at a modest rate. IMF is high (Finland during the late 1700s) | 27 | |
| 7696787381 | transitional stage | lowered (d)rate, (b)rate is still high, pop grows rapidly (Finalnd in mid-1800s) | 28 | |
| 7696787382 | industrial stage | decline in (b)rate and takes place during industrialization process. pop growth, (d)rate is low (Finland in early 1900s) | 29 | |
| 7696787383 | postindustrial stage | heavily industrialized, ppl are better educated adn more affluent. pop grows slowly, decrease in (b)rate and (d)rate | 30 | |
| 7696787384 | age structure diagram | representing the # of males and females at each age, from birth to death | 31 | |
| 7696787385 | age structure | # and porportion of ppl at each age in a pop. | 32 | |
| 7696787386 | population growth momentum | the continued growth of a pop. after fertility rates have declined, as a result of a pop's youngs age structure; it can be either positive or negative | 33 | |
| 7696787387 | nonrenewable resources | limited supplies and are depleted by use EX) minerals (aluminum, tin, copper), and fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) | 34 | |
| 7696787388 | renewable resources | reused supplies; nature replace these things rapidly and can be used forever EX) trees, water, soil, fishes | 35 | |
| 7696787389 | consumption | the human use of materials and energy | 36 | |
| 7696787390 | people overpopulation | a situation in which there are too many ppl in a given area, resulting in pollution, environmental degradation, and resource depletion, even though each individual consumes few resources | 37 | |
| 7696787391 | consumption overpopulation | a situation in which each individual in a pop. consumes too large a share of resources, resulting in pollution, environmental degradation, and resources depletion | 38 | |
| 7696787392 | ecological footprint | the average amount of land and ocean needed to supply and individual with food, energy, water, housing, transportation,and waste disposal | 39 | |
| 7696787393 | sustainable consumption | the use of goods and services that satsify basic human needs and improve the quality of life but that also minimize the use of nonrenewable and renewable resources so they are available for future generations | 40 | |
| 7696787394 | urbanization | the process in which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities | 41 | |
| 7696787395 | compact development | the design of cities so that tall, multiple-unit residential buildings are close to shopping and jobs, all of which are connected by public transportation | 42 | |
| 7696787396 | urban heat island | the heat released by human activties is retained by the paved streets adn buildings slowly released into the atmosphere | 43 | |
| 7696787397 | pronatalists | who favor population growth | 44 | |
| 7696787398 | demography | the application of population ecology to the study of humans | 45 | |
| 7696787399 | life expectancy | the average number of years that an individual is likely to continue to live | 46 | |
| 7696787400 | demographic fatigue | governments face overwhelming challenges related to population growth | 47 |
