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| 13836001805 | El Nino Southern Oscillation | a systematic shift in atmospheric pressure, sea-surface temperature, and ocean circulation in the tropical Pacific Ocean; climate gets warmer | 0 | |
| 13836012571 | La Nina | A cooling of the ocean surface off the western coast of South America, occurring periodically every 4 to 12 years and affecting Pacific and other weather patterns. | 1 | |
| 13836016034 | CAFE | Corporate Average Fuel Economy - intended to reduce both fuel consumption and emissions | 2 | |
| 13836052710 | Eutrophication | A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria. | 3 | |
| 13836060049 | denitrification | process in which fixed nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere | 4 | |
| 13836062377 | nitrogen fixation | Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia | 5 | |
| 13836082883 | primary pollution | pollutant put directly into the air by human activity, such as soot from smoke | 6 | |
| 13836082901 | secondary pollution | pollution formed by the reaction of primary pollutants and natural air components | 7 | |
| 13836084793 | Clean Water Act | (CWA, 1972) set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways; aims to make surface waters swimmable and fishable | 8 | |
| 13836094750 | cost-benefit analysis | a study that compares the costs and benefits to society of providing a public good | 9 | |
| 13836136513 | acute effects | caused by a single exposure and results in an immediate health problem | 10 | |
| 13836139527 | chronic effects | Long-lasting results of exposure to a toxin; can be a permanent change caused by one-time exposure. | 11 | |
| 13836168187 | dose-response relationships | relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced | 12 | |
| 13836276569 | particulate matter | most likely cause of respiratory disease | 13 | |
| 13836276570 | adults | least susceptible to the effects of air pollution | 14 | |
| 13836295269 | dissolved oxygen | oxygen dissolved in water, dissolved oxygen is important for fish and other aquatic animals | 15 | |
| 13836303402 | indicator species | A species that indicates whether or not disease-causing pathogens are likely to be present | 16 | |
| 13836305322 | pathogen | An organism that causes disease | 17 | |
| 13836457299 | bioremediation | The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems | 18 | |
| 13836573995 | option value | the value people place on having the option to enjoy something in the future | 19 | |
| 13836616762 | marginal benefits | Additional benefits received when one more unit of a product is produced. |  | 20 |
| 13836623905 | marginal costs | the cost of producing one more unit of a good |  | 21 |
| 13836653549 | threshold dose response model | a threshold dosage must be reached before any detectable harmful effects occur | 22 | |
| 13837073568 | external cost | an uncompensated cost that an individual or firm imposes on others | 23 | |
| 13837073569 | internal cost | A cost--such as for raw materials, manufacturing costs, labor, taxes, utilities, insurance, or rent--that is accounted for when a product or service is evaluated for pricing. | 24 | |
| 13837083432 | Price Anderson Nuclear Indemnity Act | indemnifies the nuclear industry against all liability claims arising from nuclear accidents while ensuring compensation coverage for the general public through no-fault insurance | 25 | |
| 13837104531 | LD50 | lethal dose, 50%; the amount of a substance that would cause half of the population to die | 26 | |
| 13837121065 | Rhizofiltration | Form of phytoremediation that involves filtering water through a mass of roots to remove toxic substances or excess nutrients. | 27 | |
| 13837124057 | Phytoremediation | A method employed to clean up a hazardous waste site that uses plants to absorb and accumulate toxic materials | 28 | |
| 13837366686 | Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) | potentially toxic gases emitted by certain organic solids and liquids organic compounds that can evaporate readily from solid or liquid form | 29 | |
| 13837371671 | Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PANs) | - products of a reaction between peroxyacyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide that uses UV light as a catalyst - secondary air pollution for which can injure plant tissue, irritate eyes, and aggravate respiratory illnesses in humans | 30 | |
| 13837526015 | net energy | the amount of high-quality energy that is available to be used from a resource after subtracting the energy needed to make it usable | 31 | |
| 13837604175 | hydroelectric facility | generates electricity from water and wind | 32 | |
| 13837620453 | solar photovoltaic | Capture energy from the sun as light, not heat, and convert directly into electricity | 33 | |
| 13837637115 | steam turbine | Provides mechanical energy to the generator. | 34 | |
| 13837638850 | fuel cell | An electrical-chemical device that converts fuel, such as hydrogen, into an electrical current. | 35 | |
| 13837640718 | fluorescent light | Light bulb that glows when an electric current causes ultraviolet rays to strike a coating inside a tube | 36 | |
| 13837642616 | incandescent light | light produced by heating a piece of metal, usually tungsten, until it glows | 37 | |
| 13837643944 | internal-combustion engine | an engine that burns fuel inside cylinders within the engine | 38 | |
| 13837657156 | nuclear fusion | 2 isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Expensive, break even point not reached yet | 39 | |
| 13837657157 | nuclear fission | a nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits spontaneously or on impact with another particle, with the release of energy. | 40 | |
| 13837675169 | first law of thermodynamics | Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. | 41 | |
| 13837677232 | second law of thermodynamics | when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat) | 42 | |
| 13837692965 | law of conservation of energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another | 43 | |
| 13837695539 | first law of efficiency | The ratio of the actual amount of energy delivered where it is needed to the amount of energy supplied in order to meet that need; expressed as a percentage. | 44 | |
| 13837712203 | law of supply and demand | Economic principle which states that the supply of a good or service will increase when demand is great and decrease when demand is low | 45 | |
| 13837737225 | Low throughput society | Matter and energy efficient society accomplished by - reusing and recycling nonrenewable matter resources - using potentially renewable resources no faster than they are replenished - using matter and energy resources efficiently - reducing unnecessary consumption - emphasizing pollution prevention and waste reduction, and - controlling population growth | 46 | |
| 13837750148 | high-throughput society | societies that attempt to sustain ever-increasing economic growth by increasing the throughput of matter and energy in their economic society. eventually the capacity of the environment to sustain this cycling is exceeded and becomes unsustainable. also known as high-waste society | 47 | |
| 13837755154 | matter-recycling society | converts an unsustainable high-throughput society, the goal is to allow economic growth to continue without depleting matter resources or producing excessive pollution and environmental | 48 | |
| 13837759386 | free-market economy | an economic system in which decisions on the three key economic questions are based on voluntary exchange in markets | 49 | |
| 13837761291 | global market economy | A collection of all the different participating markets in the world interacting simultaneously. | 50 | |
| 13837780686 | reforming | A process in which straight-chain hydrocarbons are heated under pressure with a catalyst, when they form branched-chain hydrocarbons. | 51 | |
| 13837780706 | thermolysis | Heat effect; used for permanent hair removal | 52 | |
| 13837787308 | coal gasification | Conversion of solid coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG). | 53 | |
| 13837801804 | negative feedback loop | A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving | 54 | |
| 13837803519 | positive feedback loop | a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified | 55 | |
| 13837950634 | malnutrition | faulty or inadequate diet; lack of protein in diet | 56 | |
| 13837960769 | Leibig's law of the minimum | law stating that a population increases until the supply of the most limiting resource prevents it from increasing further | 57 | |
| 13837971260 | Gaia Hypothesis | States that the environment on a global level has been changed for the better by life over the history of life on earth. | 58 | |
| 13837979461 | aeolian | anything pertaining to wind; god who was Keeper of Wind | 59 | |
| 13845417476 | density-dependent factor | factor that limits a population more as population density increases | 60 | |
| 13845423397 | density-independent factor | limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size | 61 | |
| 13845435112 | doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase . | 62 | |
| 13845744384 | biotic potential | The maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions | 63 | |
| 13845802901 | ecological footprint | the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources. | 64 | |
| 13862292210 | population momentum | continued population growth that does not slow in response to growth reduction measures | 65 | |
| 13862292211 | positive population growth | CBR is growing faster than CDR or CDR is declining faster than CBR | 66 | |
| 13862292212 | pre-industrial stage | Harsh living conditions, birth and death rates are high, little increase in population | 67 | |
| 13862292213 | Transitional stage | Living conditions improve, death rate drops, birth rate remains high | 68 | |
| 13862292214 | Industrial stage | decline in birth rate, population growth slows | 69 | |
| 13862292215 | post-industrial stage | Zero population growth, birth rate falls below the death rate | 70 | |
| 13862466098 | Cyanide | chemical asphyxiant that blocks the intracellular use of oxygen; signs are similar to carbon monoxide posioning | 71 | |
| 13862466099 | amalgram | a combination of diverse elements; a mixture | 72 | |
| 13862466100 | Haber-Bosch process | an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, using an iron catalyst at high temperature and pressure. | 73 | |
| 13863946668 | anaerobic respiration | Respiration that does not require oxygen | 74 | |
| 13863946669 | aerobic respiration | Respiration that requires oxygen | 75 | |
| 13863946670 | organic decay | the decay of dead plants and animals can produce acids that will weather rocks | 76 | |
| 13863946671 | Photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | 77 | |
| 13863946672 | Biosphere | part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere | 78 | |
| 13863946673 | Troposphere | 0-17 km above Earth's surface, site of weather, organisms, contains most atmospheric water vapor. (temperature decreases with increasing altitude, pressure decreases) | 79 | |
| 13863946674 | Mesosphere | The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core | 80 | |
| 13863946675 | Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. | 81 | |
| 13863946676 | Thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases | 82 | |
| 13863946677 | Stratosphere | 2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95% of Ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase. | 83 | |
| 13863946678 | Asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. | 84 | |
| 13863946679 | slash and burn farming | a farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil | 85 | |
| 13863946680 | cellular respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | 86 | |
| 13863946681 | Macronutrients | The six key elements that organisms need in relatively large amounts: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. | 87 | |
| 13863946682 | Micronutirents | nutrients that organisms need in only minor or trace amounts | 88 | |
| 13863946683 | Nitrobacter | converts nitrite to nitrate | 89 | |
| 13863946684 | Infiltration | Flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface. | 90 | |
| 13870542328 | municipality | a city or town that has corporate status and local government. | 91 | |
| 13871005523 | specialized niche | narrow range of food requirements or live in a specific habitat | 92 | |
| 13871005524 | Generalized niche | organisms eat a wide range of food sources; live in wider range of habitats | 93 | |
| 13871005525 | net primary productivity | the rate at which biomass accumulates in an ecosystem | 94 | |
| 13871005526 | boreal forest | Dense forest of evergreens located in the upper regions of the Northern Hemisphere. | 95 |
