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APES Summer vocabulary Flashcards

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14385662533AcidityComparative amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)0
14385668639AtomThe most basic building blocks of matter is an atom: the smallest unit of matter into which an element can be divided and still retain its chemical properties.1
14385672605Atomic numberEach element has a unique atomic number, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom.2
14385679217Atomic theorya theory that states that all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.3
14385684742Bio capacitya measure of the area and quality of land available to supply a population with resources4
14385686915biodivercityMeasurement of the amount of variation of the species in a given area.5
14385688776BiosphereConsists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.6
14385695705CellThe basic unit of structure and function in living things7
14385697538Cell theoryA widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things (All living things are made up of cells)8
14385701885Chemical changeA change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.9
14385708604chemical formulaA combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance10
14385714414chemical reactionthe process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances11
14385716951Chromosomea threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.12
14385724729complex carbohydratesConsist of 2+ monomers of simple sugars linked together13
14385727256compoundA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds14
14385736702conductionForm of heat transfer where heat energy is directly transferred between molecules through molecular collisions or direct contact.15
14385738068ConvectionProcess by which, in a fluid being heated, the warmer part of the mass will rise and the cooler portions will sink.16
14385740869dataFacts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.17
14385742605ecological footprintthe impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.18
14385764947ecological tipping pointPoint at which an environmental problem reaches a threshold level, which causes an often irreversible shift in the behavior of a natural system.19
14385773860EcologyScientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment20
14385776569ecosystemA system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment21
14385777460ecosystem servicesthe processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced22
14385779263electric powerthe rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy23
14385782009electromagnetic radiationa form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space24
14385783539ElectronA subatomic particle that has a negative charge25
14385785139ElementA pure substance made of only one kind of atom26
14385785140Energythe capacity to do work27
14385788777Energy efficiencyThe percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work28
14385795573energy qualitythe ease with which an energy source can be used for work29
14385809135environmentthe surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.30
14385810812Environmental scienceThe field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature31
14385813280environmental degradationdamage to or destruction of the natural environment. When such damage occurs, habitats are destroyed, biodiversity is lost, or natural resources are used up32
14385817526Environmental ethicsHuman beliefs about what is right or wrong with how we treat the environment.33
14385832126environmental worldviewa set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world should be34
14385833603EnvironmentalismA social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and other species.35
14385844181expotential growthGrowth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate36
14385851694Feedbackthe response to a message37
14385853596feedback loopa circular process in which a system's output serves as input to that same system38
14385860200first law of thermodynamicsEnergy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.39
14385869563Genesthe biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein40
14385873590Heat (thermal energy)kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules41
14385876804High Quality Energyorganized & concentrated; can perform useful work (fossil fuel & nuclear)42
14385890756inexhaustible (perpetual) resourceessentially inexhaustible resource such as solar energy because it is renewed continuously.43
14385892402InputSomething put into a system, such as resources, in order to achieve a result.44
14385903013IonA charged atom45
14385910480IsotopesAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons46
14385913350Kinetic energyenergy of motion47
14385922623Law of Conservation of MatterMatter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change48
14385928733Less Developed CountryA country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development. (lower levels of industrialization)49
14385935063LipidsEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.50
14385940957Low Quality Energydisorganized, dispersed (heat in ocean or air wind, solar)51
14385942006mass numberthe sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus52
14385947304MatterAnything that has mass and takes up space53
14385953322ModelA representation of an object or event54
14385954699MoleculeA group of atoms bonded together55
14385957194More Developed CountryA country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. (more industrialized)56
14385963314Natural CapitalNatural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies.57
14385969886Natural resourcesMaterials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain58
14385971952negative feedback loopA feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving59
14385976859NeutronA subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom60
14385982878nonrenewable resourceA natural resource that is not replaced in a useful time frame.61
14385983800nonrenewable energyA source of energy that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted.62
14385992809nuclear energyEnergy stored in the nucleus of an atom63
14385999053Nuclaic acida complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotide linked in a long chain.64
14386007212NutrientCompounds in food that the body requires for proper growth, maintenance, and functioning65
14386011072nutrient cyclingThe circulation of chemicals necessary for life, from the environment (mostly from soil and water) through organisms and back to the environment.66
14386016686OutputThe results of the operation of any system.67
14386024630peer reviewA process by which the procedures and results of an experiment are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research.68
14386029190per capitafor each person; in relation to people taken individually.69
14386033224Periodic Table of ElementsA table that classifies elements by their physical and chemical properties; rows are called periods; columns are called groups;70
14386047289pHhydrogen ion concentration71
14386053160positive feedback loopa feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified72
14386063539potential energystored energy73
14386072624Private landslands owned by individuals and businesses74
14386074220Protienssubstances that help build and maintain body cells and tissues75
14386080402ProtonA subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom76
14386086271Public landsProperty owned by a government rather than an individual77
14386087621RadiationEnergy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.78
14386097634reliable sciencethe concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field of the natural or social sciences79
14386099267renewable resourceA natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed80
14386103254renwable energyEnergy derived from a renewable resource81
14386109560Sceincehuman effort to discover how the physical world works by making observations and measurements, and carrying out experiments based on the assumption that events in the physical world follow an orderly cause and effect pattern that we can understand82
14386125375sceintific lawWell-accepted pattern in data/nature83
14386127927scientific methodA series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.84
14386130927scientific theorya well-tested and widely accepted scientific hypothesis in which a lot data support it85
14386136338scientific hypothesisa possible explanation of what scientists observe in nature or experiments86
14386146908Speciesa group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.87
14386153028subsidyA government payment that supports a business or market88
14386153877SustainabilityThe ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained89
14386157792sustainability yieldHighest rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply.90

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