Sorry if there are typos. I'm doing them really fast!
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| 736151776 | Water Pollution | degradation of water quality | |
| 736151777 | When is water considered polluted? | When it is rendered unsuitable for a specific purpose | |
| 736151778 | What is the world's major water pollution issue? | Access to safe drinking water | |
| 736151779 | What is BOD? | Biochemical Oxygen Demand: is the amount of oxygen required for the bacterial decomposition of organic matter in water | |
| 736151780 | What contributes to the BOD of bodies of water? | Natural sources, agricultureal runoff, and human sewage | |
| 736151781 | What three zones are produced when a sudden discharge of organic matter goes into a waterway? | pollution zone, active decomposition zone, recovery zone | |
| 736151782 | What are many serious human diseases and epidemics caused by? | waterborne pathogens | |
| 736151783 | define: fecal coliform bacteria count | the standard measure of microbial pollution and disease potential in a source of drinking water. | |
| 736151784 | What does the presence of fecal coliform bacteria indicate? | That water is contaminated with human and/or animal watse that may carry pathogens | |
| 736151785 | What can serious levels of phosporous and nitrogen lead to? | Eutrophication | |
| 736151786 | define: eutrophication | the process by which excess nutrients stimulate the growth of aquatic plants, which them decompose; this bacterial decompostion raises the BOD and may lead to a die-off of many aquatic species | |
| 736151787 | Eutrophication may be... | a natural process or cultural in origin | |
| 736151788 | How does oil enter the ocean? | from tanker and offshore drilling accidents, normal shipping activities and land runoff | |
| 736151789 | Most components of crude oil are... | biodegradable, so although the acute effects of spills can be disastrous, it is no certain what long-term theats to ecosystms they may pose | |
| 736151790 | What can excessive sedimentation of waterways reduce? What does this also represent? | reduces water quality; represents loss of soil at the point of origin | |
| 736151791 | What increases the sediment load of nearby waterways? | construction, farming, deforestation, off-road vehicle use, and channelization | |
| 736151792 | Name some sediment control programs | site-tailored development, minimum vegitation disturbance, runoff control measures and sediment traps | |
| 736151793 | define:acid mine drainage | whater that is high in sulfuric acid from draining coal and metal mines into waterways | |
| 736151794 | What types of water can acid drainage runoff pollute? | surface and underground water | |
| 736151795 | In some areas of the US, what is the most serious water pollution problem? | acid mine drainage | |
| 736151796 | When do surface waters become polluted? | When their capacity to dilute, remove, or convert a harmful substance to tolerable levels is exceeded | |
| 736151797 | What are some point sources of water pollution? | discrete outlets such as pipes and wells | |
| 736151798 | Where does the bacterial breakdown of pollutants not usually occure? | in the anaerobic environment of groundwater | |
| 736151799 | What does the speed at which water flows do to the pollutants in the water? | pollutants may remain concentrated for long periods | |
| 736151800 | What can water pollution be addressed by? | source reduction or treating polluted water to remove or convert pollutants | |
| 736151801 | What type of water generally responds more quickly and completely to cleanup efforts than does still water such as in lakes and ponds? | running water | |
| 736151802 | Groundwater Pollution (Long Island New York) | Saltwater intrusion and aquifer pollution from urban runoff and landfill leachate threaten the wter supples of many urban and coastal areas. | |
| 736151803 | By law, wastewater must be treated to meet federal standards before... | discharged into waterways | |
| 739644730 | define pollution | the presence of a substance in the environment that prevents the functioning of natural processes and prduces undesirable environmental and health effects | |
| 739644731 | define pollutant | any material that causes pollution | |
| 739644732 | What are the strategies to manage pollution | 1. identify materials causing the pollution 2. identify source of the pollutants 3. develop control strategies to prevent pollution 4. develop alternatives to avoid pollution altogether | |
| 739644733 | Define and give examples of point sources | source of pollution with specific points of discharge Ex.: factories, sewage plants, power plants, coal mines, oil wells | |
| 739644734 | Define and give examples of nonpoint sources | sources of pollution that are harder to identify Ex: agricultural runoff, stormwater drainage, acid rain | |
| 739644735 | what are the types of pollution? | chemical pollutants, pathogens, organic wastes, sediments, nutrients | |
| 739644736 | define biomagnification | pollutants become more concentrated by passing through several levels of the food web | |
| 739644737 | What two categories are chemical pollutants divided into? What fall under each of these categories? | Inorganic Chemicals: heavy metals, acids form mine drainage, acid precipitation, road salts/ Organic Chemicals: petroleum products, pesticides, detergents | |
| 739644738 | What are pathogens? | disease- causing bacteria, viruses, and other parasitic organisms | |
| 739644739 | What are some methods for controlling waterborne diseases? | Pruify and disinfect water, Sanitary collection and treatment of wastes, Sanitary standards around food, Public education in hygiene | |
| 739644740 | define detritus | dead organic matter, such as fallen leaves, twigs, and other plant/animal wastes | |
| 739644741 | What do bacteria use as they break down detritus? | DO | |
| 739644742 | Lots of detritus= | lots of wxygen getting used up | |
| 739644743 | Erosion leads to more sediment in the water which disrupts the ecosystem. Provide some examples of how erosion does this. | Muddy water reduces amount of light penetration and photosynthesis, Extra silt and sand removes attached aquatic organisms from rocks, Hiding and resting places get buried in sediment | |
| 739644744 | Define phytoplankton | plants that live suspended in water, Found wherever ligh and nutrients are available | |
| 739644745 | define Emergent vegetation | plants that are rooted in sediment, grow with lower parts in the water, but upper parts stick out of water | |
| 739644746 | define submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) | plants that grow totally underwater so they need clear water that lets light through. They get nutrients from the sediments (aren't limited by water low in nutrients) | |
| 739644747 | What is the difference between Eutrophic and Oligotrophic? | Eutrophic: body of water that is nutrient rich, supports growth of lots oh phytoplankton, has little or no DO, organisms end up dying Oligotrophic: body of water that is nutrient poor, unable to support much phytoplankton, light penetrates deeply, HEALTHY body of water | |
| 739644748 | What are Best management practices? | farm management practices that serve best to reduce soil an nutrient run | |
| 739644749 | What collects and drains runoff from precipitation? | storm drains | |
| 739644750 | What recieves wastewater from sinks, tubs, and toilets? | sanitary sewers | |
| 739644751 | What is the untreated organic matter that is removed from sewage water by letting it settle? | raw sewage or sludge | |
| 739644752 | define Preliminary Treatment | removal of debris and grit from wastewater using a course screen and grit-settleing chamber | |
| 739644753 | define Primary Treatment | water passes very slowly through large tank so that clumps of organic material can settle out | |
| 739644754 | define secondary (biological) treatment | removal of most of remaining wrganic matter. Organisms feed on it and oxidize it through resperation | |
| 739644755 | What does biological nutrient removal do? | removes nitrogen and phosphorus | |
| 739644756 | What are the three ways to treat sludge? | Anaerobic Digestion; Composting; and Pasteurization-- all three result in material that can be used for fertilizer | |
| 739644757 | define Anaerobic digestion | breakdown of organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen | |
| 739644758 | define composting | letting organic wastes decompose in the presence of air | |
| 739644759 | define pasteurization | heating organic material to kill pathogens |
