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| policies requiring special efforts on behalf of disadvantaged groups | ||
| requires employers and public facilities to provide "reasonable accommodations" and prohibits discrimination | ||
| policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination | ||
| denied federal money to segregated schools; made racial discrimination illegal in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other places of public accommodations; banned sex discrimination in employment | ||
| fact that traditional women's jobs often pay less than man's jobs that demand comparable skills; equal pay for equal work | ||
| allows us to stretch the laws. all people be protected by the law | ||
| originally proposed in 1920's; was revived and passed by congress in 1972 but fails by 3 states; stimulated more feminist activities | ||
| guaranteed African Americans the right to vote but full use not until another century | ||
| prohibits the states from denying "equal protection of the laws" to any person | ||
| women's rights to vote | ||
| small tax on the right to vote, often timed when blacks had the least amount of cash available | ||
| the right to vote | ||
| abolishes slavery | ||
| prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxes | ||
| prohibited any government from using voting procedures that denied a person the right to vote on the bases of race or color | ||
| political parties excluded blacks by saying that they were "private institutions" | ||
| marks the beginning of the civil rights movement. SC said that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment's guarantee of equal protection | ||
| SC established the "medium scrutiny" standard | ||
| Chief Justice Taney declared that an African American man was "chattel" and had no rights under a white man's government, congress had no power to ban slavery in western territories (invalidate the Missouri Compromise) | ||
| SC provided constitutional justification of segregation was NOT unconstitutional as long as facilities were substantially equal | ||
| SC ruled that any "arbitrary" sex-based classification violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment | ||
| SC rejected UC Davis plan to set aside spaces in their med school for members of "disadvantaged groups"; SC said no to quotas for groups but can adopt policy that considers race/ethnic background as the element in selection process |
