Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
(From Dr. Roberts' Applied Animal Reproduction, UTM)
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| 1079234421 | Purpose of Animal Reproduction | perpetuation of species food production genetic improvement | 1 | |
| 1079234422 | Number of ovaries | 2 | 2 | |
| 1079234423 | Female Duct System Composed of: | oviducts uterine horns uterus cervix vagina vulva | 3 | |
| 1079234424 | Female Duct System is essentially | a long set of tubes | 4 | |
| 1079234425 | we palpate the cow _____ | rectally | 5 | |
| 1079234426 | What is the primary reproductive organ of the female? | uterus | 6 | |
| 1079234427 | What is the female gamete? | ovum (egg) | 7 | |
| 1079234428 | What are the two primary female sex hormones? | estrogen and progesterone | 8 | |
| 1079234429 | Define Monotocous | animals normally giving birth to one young each gestational period | 9 | |
| 1079234430 | Define polytocous | animals normally giving birth to multiple young each gestational period (have litters) | 10 | |
| 1079234431 | Name two polytocous animals | cat dog sow | 11 | |
| 1079234432 | name two monotocous animals | cow mare ewe (historically) | 12 | |
| 1079234433 | The shape of the cow's ovaries | small, almond-shaped | 13 | |
| 1079234434 | the size of the horse's ovaries | ping-pong ball sized and shaped | 14 | |
| 1079234435 | What affects the size of the ovaries? | period of estrous cycle (estrus, etc.), tumors, cysts, illness, age, anestrus, superovulation | 15 | |
| 1079234436 | 3 Functions of the ovary | production of oocytes production of estrogen production of pregesterone | 16 | |
| 1079234437 | Ovary is composed of two portions | medulla (inner shell) cortex (outer shell) | 17 | |
| 1079234438 | Artery, ____, and _____ run together | vein, nerves | 18 | |
| 1079234439 | ovaries produce ________,_________,______ | eggs, estrogen, progesterone | 19 | |
| 1079234440 | Surface epithelium (what and made of?) | outermost layer of the cortex, single layer of cuboidal cells (covers and protects) | 20 | |
| 1079234441 | Tunica albuginea ovarii (what) | thin, dense layer of connective tissue (very strong) | 21 | |
| 1079234442 | Parenchyma (of ovaries) | functional layer, contains ovarian follicles, and cells producing estrogen and progesterone (innermost) | 22 | |
| 1079234443 | primary follicles are contained in groups called | egg nests | 23 | |
| 1079234444 | tertiary follicles see the development of an | antrum (cavity) | 24 | |
| 1079234445 | Phases of Ovarian Follicles (4) | Primary follicle Secondary follicle Tertiary Follicle Graafian Follicle | 25 | |
| 1079234446 | What two possibilities are there for tertiary follicles? | Become atretic (waste away) Develop into Graafian Follicle (maturation and ovulation) | 26 | |
| 1079234447 | What percentage of primary follicles are formed after puberty? | 0% | 27 | |
| 1079234448 | When are primary follicles formed? | Before birth (prenatal period) | 28 | |
| 1079234449 | Primary follicles do what after puberty? | grow and mature constantly (perpetually) | 29 | |
| 1079234450 | T/F Most follicles grow and develop | False, most become atretic | 30 | |
| 1079234451 | What two tissues form after ovulation | corpus hemorrhagicum corpus luteum | 31 | |
| 1079234452 | Which cells in the ovary are responsible for estrogen production | Theca interna and granulosa | 32 | |
| 1079234453 | What cells are responsible for most progesterone production in the corpus luteum | granulosa cells | 33 | |
| 1079234454 | Progesterone is the hormone of | pregnancy | 34 | |
| 1079234455 | Androgens are the precursor of what (in females) | estrogen | 35 | |
| 1079234456 | Where is the oocyte expelled from the ovary? | near the opening of the oviduct (infundibulum or inguinar region) | 36 | |
| 1079234457 | A blood clot formed after ovulation | corpus hemorrhagicum | 37 | |
| 1079234458 | The only ovarian source of progesterone and other progestins | Corpus luteum (CL) | 38 | |
| 1079234459 | optopic | outside of the ovary/oviduct | 39 | |
| 1079234460 | When the graafian follicle ruptures and the egg is expelled to the oviduct | ovulation | 40 | |
| 1079234461 | Also known as the fallopian tubes | oviducts | 41 | |
| 1079234462 | Functions of the oviducts | Transport of ova, and sperm Site of fertilization Site of early embryo development | 42 | |
| 1079234463 | Specific site of fertilization | Ampullary-Isthmic Junction | 43 | |
| 1079234464 | Tunica serosa | outer layer of connective tissue in oviducts | 44 | |
| 1079234465 | tunica muscularis | the middle layer of smooth muscle in oviducts | 45 | |
| 1079234466 | tunica mucosa | inner layer. Ciliated and secretory epithelial cells | 46 | |
| 1079234467 | Funnel-shaped opening used to catch ovum after ovulation | infundibulum/fimbria | 47 | |
| 1079234468 | Contains cilia to aid movement of ovum | ampulla | 48 | |
| 1079234469 | Location where fertilization occurs | Ampullary-isthmic junction | 49 | |
| 1079234470 | involved in sperm transport and filtering of dead sperm | isthmus | 50 | |
| 1079234471 | junction of isthmus and uterus | utero-tubal juction (or uterotubal junction) | 51 | |
| 1079234472 | Extends from uterotubal junction to cervix | uterus | 52 | |
| 1079234473 | Functions of the uterus | holding space for embryo/fetus nourishment for embryo/fetus expulsion of fetus | 53 | |
| 1079234474 | A small uterine body with long uterine horns (found in the cow, sow, doe, and ewe) | bicornuate | 54 | |
| 1079234475 | a large uterine body with shorter uterine horns (found in the mare) | bipartite | 55 | |
| 1079234476 | type of uterus primates have | simple | 56 | |
| 1079234477 | uterus with two horns and two cervical canals, separated by a barrier (found in rodents, rabbits) | duplex | 57 | |
| 1079234478 | outer layer of the uterus | tunica serosa | 58 | |
| 1079234479 | middle layer of uterus composed of smooth muscle | myometrium | 59 | |
| 1079234480 | inner layer of uterus, contains mucosal lining, provides mechanism for attachment of extraembryonic membranes and placentation | endometrium | 60 | |
| 1079234481 | inflammation of the uterus | metritus | 61 | |
| 1079234482 | Union between the uterus and extraembryonic membranes | placentation | 62 | |
| 1079234483 | Name species with this placental attachment: Cotyledonary | cows, does, ewes | 63 | |
| 1079234484 | Name species with this placental attachment: diffuse | mare, sow | 64 | |
| 1079234485 | Name species with this placental attachment: zoonary | dog, cat | 65 | |
| 1079234486 | thick-walled, inelastic structure containing a canal which connects the uterus to the vagina | cervix | 66 | |
| 1079234487 | What organ are these functions of? Microbial barrier sperm reservoir for some species filtration of sperm (removing dead or damaged) site of semen deposition in sows and mares | Cervix | 67 | |
| 1079234488 | This hormone causes the cervix to dilate during estrus and parturition | estrogen | 68 | |
| 1079234489 | site of sperm deposition in the cow, doe, and ewe | vagina | 69 | |
| 1079234490 | organ of copulation for the female | vagina | 70 | |
| 1079234491 | External site of reproductive tract in female. consists of vestibule, external urethral orifice, vestibular glands, labia, clitoris. Responsible for "winking" in the mare | vulva | 71 | |
| 1079234492 | Main supporting structure of the female reproductive tract | broad ligament | 72 | |
| 1079234493 | suspends ovaries, oviduct and uterus from either side of the dorsal wall of the pelvis | broad ligament | 73 | |
| 1079234494 | branch and supply blood to ovaries, oviducts, and uterine horns | ovarian arteries | 74 | |
| 1079234495 | supplies blood to the rest of the uterine body (not ovaries, oviducts, or uterine horns) | middle uterine artery | 75 | |
| 1079234496 | What's the danger (circulatory danger) of a uterine prolapse? | exposure of the arteries | 76 |
