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| 19275344 | "cash-and-carry" | President Roosevelt knew that if the Allies fell then the US would be drawn into war, so in September 1939, he asked Congress to allow the Allies to buy American arms. The Allies would pay cash and then carry the goods on their own ships. | |
| 19275345 | "merchants of death" | These were the munitions manufacturers in World War I that provided the majority of the munitions for this war.(pg 806) | |
| 19275346 | London Economic Conference | Thirty six nations met during the summer of 1933. It was intended to organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression.(800) | |
| 19275347 | "phony war" | The months following the collapse of Poland while France and Britain marked time. Inaction during this time was stopped when the Soviets attacked Finland in an effort to secure strategic buffer territory. This period ended when Hitler, without warning, overran Denmark and Norway; the following month he attacked the Netherlands and Belgium and hit a paralyzing blow at France as well. (810) | |
| 19275348 | Good Neighbor policy | This was the name Roosevelt gave to his attitude toward the Latin American countries. It suggested that the United States was giving up its ambition to be a world power and would content itself instead with merely being a regional power, its interests and activities confined exclusively to the Western Hemisphere. (802) | |
| 19275349 | Cordell Hull | The Secretary of State who believed that trade was a two-way street, that a nation can sell abroad only as it buys abroad, that tariff barriers choke off foreign trade, and that trade wars beget shooting wars. He was one of the main contributors to the reciprocal trade policy of the New Dealers. (P.802) | |
| 19275350 | Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies | Supporters of the aid to Britain formed propaganda groups. This one is the most potent propaganda group with its double-barreled argument. To the interventionists it could appeal for direct relief to the British. To Isolationists, it could appeal for assistance to the democracies. (p. 812) | |
| 19275351 | Wendell Willkie | The defreated republican candidate for president in 1940, he published a best seller in 1943, One World, which advocated a new postwar era of racially blind universalism. (P. 891) | |
| 19275352 | Adolf Hitler | The German dictator who turned Germany into a military machine and tried to achieve his goals of domination and exterminating the Jews through warfare. (p806+) | |
| 19275353 | lend-lease | The idea that America would lend out weapons and equipment instead of people, which could then be returned. The slogan for this bill was "send guns, not sons." (p816) | |
| 19275354 | isolationism | Non-interventionist foreign policy that was prevalent in the United States in the years leading up to World War II. People did not want to be involved in another European war after the mistakes made during World War I. | |
| 19275355 | China incident | incident in which Japan invaded China, and America stood by the side and watched it happen remaining neutral. p 806 | |
| 19275356 | Spanish Civil War | Response of a rebel group led by fascistic General Francisco Franco in response to neutrality by legislation. they were assisted by Hitler and Mussilini on a large scale and by Stalin on a small scale. The Communistic support caused many Americans to feel hostile toward Spain. They were anti-loyalist and eventually overthrew the Republican government. America didn't interfere until 1938, but it was to late. pages 805-806 | |
| 19275357 | Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) | |
| 19275358 | America First Committee | isolationism's dominant voice; largely financed by Henry Ford, the committe featured pacifist charlers Lindbergh as its most popular speaker; insisted that "fortress America" could stand alone | |
| 19275359 | "Quarantine Speech" | Given by President Roosevelt in Chicago, in 1937, due to the recent aggressions of Italy and Japan, it called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" the aggressors by economic emargoes. This speech triggered protests from isolationists, and in response Roosevelt retreated and sought less direct ways to curb the dictators. P. 806. | |
| 19275360 | Nazi party | Those in Hitler's army who worked to persecute, then exterminate the Jewish population in areas under Hitler's control. In the end, they wiped out about 6 million innocent victims mostly in gas chambers. (P. 806). | |
| 19275361 | Rome-Berlin axis | In 1936 Hitler and Mussolini allied together in this treaty or alliance. They were both allied with Japan. They fought against the Allies in World War II. p. 804 | |
| 19275362 | Winston Churchill | This man was the prime minister of England during World War One. He is most known for being an orator who had the nerve to force his people to fight off the air bombings of their city. He was also involved in the Eight Point Atlantic Charter in which he was involved in the first conferences. pg 810 and 817 | |
| 19275363 | Charles Lindbergh | He was the most effective speech maker of the America First Committee. Earlier, in 1927, he had been the first flier to go solo west-to-east across the Atlantic. (p. 813) | |
| 19275364 | Hitler-Stalin nonaggression pact | A letter sent from Stalin to Hitler in 1939, it gave Germany the permission to wage war on Poland, meaning an agreement of neutrality between the Soviet Union and Germany. (pg. 807) | |
| 19275365 | Benito Mussolini | Everyone should know this guy pretty well, because he was the Italian leader who allied with Hitler in World war II. This guy ran a corporate fascist-style government with large consolidated enterprises controlling most everything within the economy. (page 803) | |
| 19275366 | destroyers-for-bases deal | This agreement between the US and the UK entailed the United State giving Britain fifty destroyer ships in exchange for land rights right on several British territories. The title is pretty self-explanatory. (page 812) | |
| 19275367 | totalitarianism | A government policy where the government runs nearly every part of the citizens lives. They generally involve large amounts of propaganda. Hitler and Stalin are examples of this type of government. America was not afraid of its aggressions (Like Mussolini's attack on Ethiopia), so much as it was afraid of being drawn in. It tried to pass an act forbidding declaration of war unless attacked. | |
| 19275368 | Neutrality Acts | A series of laws passed by congress in response to the growing hostilities in Europe and Asia. These hostilities inadvertently led to World War II | |
| 19275369 | appeasement | The idea that giving hitler a piece of czechoslovakia would calm his insatiable hunger for more and more land. It was come up with in munich at a conference held with Hitler. It didnt work. He later took the rest of the nation and kept the Nazi machine running. was ocmpared to giving a cannibal a finger to save an arm... (806-7) | |
| 19275370 | Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act | provided for the negotiation of tariff agreements between the united States and separate nations, particularly Latin American countries. It resulted in a reduction of duties. (p.802-803). | |
| 19275371 | Francisco Franco | Fascist leader of Spanish rebels in the Spanish Civil War and friend of Hitler and Mussolini. Roosevelt chose neutrality in denying arms to both him and the Spanish government, thus helping him to victory and leading the world to WWII | |
| 19275372 | invasion of Ethiopia | In 1935, Mussolini brutally attacked Ethiopia with bombers and tanks, while natives were left to defend their country with spears and outdated weapons. This all could have been avoided if the league of nations had declared an oil embargo on Italy. pg 804 |
