Chapter 1-11 14th Edition
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| 293857644 | Great Ice Age | extended period when glaciers covered most of the North American Continent | 0 | |
| 293857645 | Maize | staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian Civilizations | 1 | |
| 293857646 | Cahokia | important Mississippian culture site, near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois | 2 | |
| 293857647 | Portugal | first European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa | 3 | |
| 293857648 | Mali | flourishing West African kingdom that had its capital and university at Timbuktu | 4 | |
| 293857649 | "Indies" | mistaken term that the first European explorers gave to American lands because of the false belief that they were off the coast of Asia | 5 | |
| 293857650 | horses | animal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains | 6 | |
| 293857651 | Small pox | one of the major European diseases that devastated Native American populations after 1492 | 7 | |
| 293857652 | Syphilis | disease originating in the Americas that was transmitted back to Europeans after 1492 | 8 | |
| 293857653 | Treaty of Tordesillas | treaty that proclaimed a spanish title to lands in the Americas by dividing them with Portugal | 9 | |
| 293857654 | Tenochtitlan | wealthy capital of the Aztec empire | 10 | |
| 293857655 | Mestizo | person of mixed European and Indian ancestry | 11 | |
| 293857656 | Pope's Rebellion | Indian uprising in New Mexico caused by Spanish efforts to suppress Indian religion | 12 | |
| 293857657 | Pueblo | Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley who were cruelly oppressed by the Spanish conquerors | 13 | |
| 293857658 | Franciscan Friars | Roman Catholic religious order of friars that organized a chain of missions in California | 14 | |
| 293857659 | Ireland | nation where English Protestant rulers employed brutal tactics against the local Catholic populations | 15 | |
| 293857660 | Roanoke | island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s | 16 | |
| 293857661 | Spanish Armada | naval invaders defeated by English "sea dogs" in 1588 | 17 | |
| 293857662 | Virginia Joint-Stock | forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures | 18 | |
| 293857663 | Anglo-Powhatan Wars | name of two wars fought in 1614 and 1644; between the English in Jamestown and the nearby Indian leader | 19 | |
| 293857664 | Barbados Slave Code | the harsh system of laws governing African labor, first developed in Barbados and later officially adopted by South Carolina in 1696 | 20 | |
| 293857665 | Charter | royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens | 21 | |
| 293857666 | Indentured Servants | penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor for a fixed amount of time, usually in exchange for passage to the New World or other benefits | 22 | |
| 293857667 | Iroquois Confederacy | powerful Indian confederation that dominated New York and the eastern Great Lakes area; comprised of several peoples (not the Algonquians) | 23 | |
| 293857668 | Squatters | poor farmers in North Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil | 24 | |
| 293857669 | Royal Colony | term for a colony under direct control of the English king or queen | 25 | |
| 293857670 | Tobacco | the primary staple crop of early Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina | 26 | |
| 293857671 | North Carolina | the only southern colony with a slave majority | 27 | |
| 293857672 | Rice | primary plantation crop of South Carolina | 28 | |
| 293857673 | Savannah | melting-pot town in early colonial Georgia | 29 | |
| 293857674 | Families | early Maryland and Virginia settlers had difficulty creating them and even more difficulty making them last | 30 | |
| 293857675 | Disease | primary cause of death among tobacco-growing settlers | 31 | |
| 293857676 | "Headright System" | Maryland and Virginia's system of granting land to anyone who would pay trans-atlantic passage for laborers | 32 | |
| 293857677 | Execution | fate of many of Nathaniel Bacon's followers, though not of Bacon himself | 33 | |
| 293857678 | Rhode Island | American colony that was home to the Newport slave market and many slave traders | 34 | |
| 293857679 | Royal African Company | English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698 | 35 | |
| 293857680 | Gullah | African American dialect that blended English with Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa | 36 | |
| 293857681 | Slave Revolt | uprisings that occurred in NYC in 1712 and in South Carolina in 1739 | 37 | |
| 293857682 | FFV | first families of Virginia; wealthy extended clans like the Fitzhughs, Lees, and Washingtons that dominated politics in the most populous colony | 38 | |
| 293857683 | Early 20's | approximate marriage age of most New England women | 39 | |
| 293857684 | Town Assemblies | basic local political institution of New England, in which all freemen gathered to elect officials and debate local affairs | 40 | |
| 293857685 | Halfway Covenant | formula devised by Puritan ministers in 1662 to offer partial church membership to people who had not experienced conversion | 41 | |
| 293857686 | Salem Witch Trials | late seventeenth-century judicial event that inflamed popular feelings, led to the deaths of 20 people, and weakened the Puritan clergy's prestige | 42 | |
| 293857687 | Farmers | primary occupation of most seventeenth-century Americans | 43 | |
| 293857688 | Dutch | corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania | 44 | |
| 293857689 | Scots-Irish | Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies | 45 | |
| 293857690 | Regulator Movement | Rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson | 46 | |
| 293857691 | Jayle Birds | popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities | 47 | |
| 293857692 | Praying Towns | Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized | 48 | |
| 293857693 | Lawyer | a once despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights | 49 | |
| 293857694 | Triangular Trade | small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies | 50 | |
| 293857695 | Taverns | Popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate | 51 | |
| 293857696 | Established | term for tax-supported condition of congregational and anglican churches, but not of baptists, quakers, and roman catholics | 52 | |
| 293857697 | Great Awakening | Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s | 53 | |
| 293857698 | New Lights | ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it | 54 | |
| 293857699 | Colleges | Institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening, although a few had been founded earlier | 55 | |
| 293857700 | Zenger Case | The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel | 56 | |
| 293857701 | Council | The upper house of colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor | 57 | |
| 293857702 | Poor Richard's Almanac | Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice | 58 | |
| 293857703 | Huguenots | French Protestants who were granted toleration by the Edict of Nantes in 1598 but not permitted to settle in New France | 59 | |
| 293857704 | Louis XIV | absolute Monarch of France who reigned for 72 years | 60 | |
| 293857705 | Beaver | Animal whose pelt provided great profits for the French empire and enhanced European fashion at enormous ecological cost | 61 | |
| 293857706 | Jesuits | French Catholic missionary order that explored the North American interior and sought to protect and convert the Indians. | 62 | |
| 293857707 | Coureurs de Bois | Far-running, high-living French fur trappers | 63 | |
| 293857708 | Jenkin's Ear | Part of a certain British naval officer's anatomy that set off an imperial war with Spain. | 64 | |
| 293857709 | Louisbourg | strategic French fortress conquered by New England settlers, handed back to the French, and finally conquered again by the British in 1759 | 65 | |
| 293857710 | Ohio Valley | Inland river territory, scene of fierce competition between the French and land-speculating English colonists | 66 | |
| 293857711 | Germany | Bloodiest European theater of the Seven Years' War, where Frederick the Great's troops drained French strength away from North America | 67 | |
| 293857712 | Albany Congress | Unification effort that Benjamin Franklin nearly led to success by his eloquent leadership and cartoon artistry | 68 | |
| 293857713 | George Washington | Military aide of British General Braddock and defender of the frontier after Braddock's defeat. | 69 | |
| 293857714 | Quebec | fortress boldly assaulted by General Wolfe, spelling doom for New France | 70 | |
| 293857715 | Militia | the "buckskin" colonials whose military success did nothing to alter British officer's contempt | 71 | |
| 293857716 | Indians | Allies of the French against the British, who continued to fight under Pontiac even after the peace settlement in 1763 | 72 | |
| 293857717 | Seven Years' War | The larger European struggle of which the French and Indian War was part | 73 | |
| 293857718 | Mercantilism | the basic economic and political theory by which seventeenth and eighteenth century European powers governed their overseas colonies | 74 | |
| 293857719 | Navigation Acts | The set of Parliamentary laws, first passed in 1650, that restricted colonial trade and directed it to the benefit of Britain | 75 | |
| 293857720 | Enumerated Goods | term for products, such as tobacco, that could be shipped only to England & not to foreign markets | 76 | |
| 293857721 | Admirality Courts | Hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocent | 77 | |
| 293857722 | Virtual Representation | British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members | 78 | |
| 293857723 | Non-Importation Agreements | The effective form of organized resistance against the Stamp Act, which made homespun clothing fashionable | 79 | |
| 293857724 | Tea | The product taxed under the Townshend Acts that generated the greatest colonial resistance | 80 | |
| 293857725 | Committees of Correspondence | Underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams, that sustained colonial resistance | 81 | |
| 293857726 | Catholicism | Religion that was granted toleration in the trans-Allegheny West by the Quebec Act, arousing deep colonial hostility | 82 | |
| 293857727 | English Whigs | British political party opposed to Lord North's Tories and generally more sympathetic to the colonial cause | 83 | |
| 293857728 | Hessians | German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries | 84 | |
| 293857729 | Continentals | paper currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution depreciated to near worthlessness | 85 | |
| 293857730 | The Association | effective organization created by the First Continental Congress to provide a total, unified boycott of all British goods | 86 | |
| 293857731 | Minute Men | Rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the first battle of the Revolution | 87 | |
| 293857732 | Ruffians | popular term for British regular troops, scorned as "lobster backs" and "bloody backs" by Bostonians and other colonials | 88 | |
| 293857733 | Continental Congress | the body that chose George Washington commander of the Continental Army | 89 | |
| 293857734 | Canada | the British colony that Americans invaded in hopes of adding it to the rebellious 13 | 90 | |
| 293857735 | Common Sense | The inflammatory pamphlet that demanded independence and heaped scorn on "the Royal Brute of Great Britain" | 91 | |
| 293857736 | Declaration of Independence | the document that provided a lengthy explanation and justification of Richard Henry Lee's resolution that was passed by Congress on July 2, 1776 | 92 | |
| 293857737 | Loyalist | another name for AMerican Tories | 93 | |
| 293857738 | Anglican | the church body most closely linked with Tory sentiment, except in Virginia | 94 | |
| 293857739 | Hudson | The river valley that was the focus of Britain's early military strategy and the scene of Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga in 1777 | 95 | |
| 293857740 | Arms of Neutrality | term for the alliance of Catherine the Great of Russia and other European powers who did not declare war but assumed a hostile neutrality towards Britain | 96 | |
| 293857741 | South | The region that saw some of the Revolution's most bitter fighting, from 1780 to 1782, between American General Greene and British General Cornwallis | 97 | |
| 293857742 | Privateers | "legalized pirates," more than a thousand strong, who inflicted heavy damage on British shipping | 98 | |
| 293857743 | Mississippi | River which was the western boundary of the U.S. after the Revolutionary War established in the Treaty of Paris | 99 | |
| 293857744 | Holland | The other European nation besides France and Spain that supported the American Revolution by declaring war on Britain | 100 | |
| 293857745 | Protestant Episcopal Church | New name for the Anglican Church after it was disestablished and de-Anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere | 101 | |
| 293857746 | Republican Motherhood | The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children | 102 | |
| 293857747 | Constitutional Convention | A type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts, for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law | 103 | |
| 293857748 | Articles of Confederation | the first constitution of the US | 104 | |
| 293857749 | Old Northwest | The territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1787 | 105 | |
| 293857750 | Township | A 6-by-6 mile area containing 36 sections each 1 mile square. A division of land in the rectangular survey method of land description. | 106 | |
| 293857751 | Territory | The status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state | 107 | |
| 293857752 | Shay's Rebellion | a failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of "mobocracy" | 108 | |
| 293857753 | Large State Plan | The plan proposed by Virginia at the constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population | 109 | |
| 293857754 | Small State Plan | The plan proposed by New Jersey for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size and population | 110 | |
| 293857755 | 3/5 Compromise | A compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes. | 111 | |
| 293857756 | Anti-Federalists | opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independant states | 112 | |
| 293857757 | Federalist Papers | a masterly series of pro-Constitution articles printed in NYC by Jay, Madison, and Hamilton | 113 | |
| 293857758 | President | the official under the new Constitution who would be the commander in chief of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officials, and have the power to veto legislation | 114 | |
| 293857759 | Bill of Rights | A list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the Constitution in order to win ratification | 115 | |
| 293868399 | Electoral College | the official body designated to choose the President under the new Constitution, which in 1789 unanimously elected George Washington | 116 |
