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| 466783328 | proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | |
| 466783329 | Thomas Paine | Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man | |
| 466812463 | Common Sense | a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that criticized monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain | |
| 466812464 | crisis papers | A series of works by Thomas Paine written between 1776 and 1783 during the American Revolution. These papers were written in a language common people could understand it increase American morale. | |
| 466812465 | Stamp Act Congress | A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance. | |
| 466812466 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament and viewed as an act of rebellion by the colonists, Then in December 1775 Parliament passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | |
| 466812467 | Pontiac's Rebellion | After the French and Indian War, colonists began moving westward and settling on Indian land. This migration led to Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763, when a large number of Indian tribes banded together under the Ottawa chief Pontiac to keep the colonists from taking over their land. Pontiac's Rebellion led to Britain's Proclamation of 1763, which stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. | |
| 466812468 | Quartering Act | In 1765 required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies in order to cut down maintenance cost of the colonial garrison. IT angered many colonists, and influenced the third amendment. | |
| 466812469 | Townshend Acts | In 1767 "Champagne Charley" Townshend persuaded Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts. These acts put a light import duty on such things as glass, lead, paper, and tea. The acts met slight protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea. Due to its minute profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea. The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation. The episode served as another important step in the coming of the American Revolution. | |
| 466812470 | Boston Tea Party | On December 16, 1773, the Sons of Liberty, dressed as Indians, dumped hundreds of chests of tea into Boston harbor to protest the Tea Act of 1773, under which the British exported to the colonies millions of pounds of cheap-but still taxed-tea, thereby undercutting the price of smuggled tea and forcing payment of the tea duty. The Sons of Liberty did so because they were afraid that Governor Hutchinson would secretly unload the tea because he owned a share in the cargo. | |
| 466812471 | Coercive Acts | This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soilders in their own homes. | |
| 466812472 | Intolerable Acts | passed in 1774, were the combination of the four Coercive Acts, meant to punish the colonists after the 1773, Boston Tea Party and the unrelated Quebec Act. The Intolerable Acts were seen by American colonists as a blueprint for a British plan to deny the Americans representative government. They were the impetus for the convening of the First Continental Congress. | |
| 466812473 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence | |
| 466812474 | Tories | The Tories were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution. | |
| 466812475 | Sons of Liberty | A secret radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They used both peaceful and unpeaceful tacticts .They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. | |
| 466812476 | First Continental Congress | Delagates from all colonies except georgia convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system. | |
| 466812477 | Second Continental Congress | The chief accomplishment of the Second Continental Congress, which convened on May 10, 1775, was the drafting of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. The Second Continental Congress took place in the wake of the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France (1756-1763), which left Britain deep in debt. To pay off this debt, the British Parliament passed legislation that increased tax revenues from the American colonies, including the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767. Many colonists, though, objected to these measures, and the purpose of both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress was to oppose them. The colonists argued that because the colonies were not represented in Parliament, that body had no authority to tax them, a view expressed in the still well-known phrase "no taxation without representation." | |
| 466812478 | Boston Massacre | On March 5 1770 a crowd of colonists were taunting and throwing snowballs at a British soldier guarding a customs house. While back up came there was fighting and British soldiers ended up firing killing 3 people and later killing 2 more from injury. IMPORTANCE: was the first confrontation with the British | |
| 466812479 | Paxton Boys | A group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. Who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina. | |
| 466812480 | Tea Act | Act eliminated import duties entering England, lowering the selling price to consumers, also allowing selling directly to consumers, hurting middlemen. It angered the colonies since it gave a monopoly to the British East India Tea Company, thus forcing local tea sellers out of business. | |
| 466812481 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain. | |
| 466812482 | no taxation without representation | This is a principle dating back to the Magna Carta that means if citizens are not represented in the government, then the government should not have the authority to tax them. The American colonists cited this principle when they opposed the authority of the British Parliament to tax them. | |
| 466812483 | Stamp Act | March 22, 1765 - British legislation passed as part of Prime Minister Grenville's revenue measures which required that all legal or official documents used in the colonies, such as wills, deeds and contracts, had to be written on special, stamped British paper. It was so unpopular in the colonies that it caused riots, and most of the stamped paper sent to the colonies from Britain was burned by angry mobs. Because of this opposition, and the decline in British imports caused by the non- importation movement, London merchants convinced Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766. | |
| 466812484 | non-importation agreements | a widespread boycott against British goods; it showed American unity, as they spontaneously united for the first time under a common action; the practice was highly effective and some acts were repealed | |
| 466812485 | virtual representation | Virtual representation means that a representative is not elected by his constituents, but he resembles them in his political beliefs and goals. Actual representation mean that a representative is elected by his constituents. The colonies only had virtual representation in the British government. | |
| 466812486 | Gaspee Affair | 1772; when a custom ship searching for smugglers ran aground, and some 150 colonists seized and burned the ship, suspects were taken to Britain for trial Caused Thomas Jefferson to suggest committees of correspondence for each colony. | |
| 466812487 | Sugar Act 1764 | Part of Prime Minister Grenville's revenue program, the act replaced the Molasses Act of 1733, and actually lowered the tax on sugar and molasses (which the New England colonies imported to make rum as part of the triangular trade) from 6 cents to 3 cents a barrel, but for the first time adopted provisions that would insure that the tax was strictly enforced; created the vice-admiralty courts; and made it illegal for the colonies to buy goods from non-British Caribbean colonies. |
