from review packet, quiz 12th of april 2013
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| 734509271 | New Frontier | JFK's program that called for aid to education, federal support of health care, and urban renewal and civil rights | |
| 734509272 | Peace Corps | JFK's army of idealistic and mostly youthful volunteers to bring American skills to developing nations | |
| 734509273 | Great Society | LBJ's programs to expand the social reforms of the new deal. It included an extended version of JFK's civil right's bill, and his proposal for an income tax cut | |
| 734509274 | War on Poverty | Largely in response to Michael Harrington's book The Other America, Johnson's program to deal with the 40 million Americans who were living in poverty. Included within the programs developed under this "war" were the creation of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the head start program, the Job Corp, literacy programs and legal services | |
| 734565024 | Elementary and Secondary Education Act | provided aid, especially to poor school districts | |
| 734565025 | Medicaid | government paid health care for the poor and disabled | |
| 734565026 | Medicare | a health insurance program for those 65 and older | |
| 734565027 | Other Great Society initiatives | included two new cabinet departments, the Department of Transportation (DOT), and the department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) | |
| 734565028 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Made segregation illegal in all public facilities including hotels, restaurants, and gave the federal government more power to enforce school desegregation | |
| 734565029 | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | A part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to end discrimination in employment | |
| 734565030 | Amendment 24 (1964) | Ratified to abolish the practice of collection a poll tax - which had been a means of discouraging poor African Americans from voting | |
| 734565031 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | ended literacy tests and provided federal registrars in areas where blacks had been discouraged from voting - most notably the South | |
| 734565032 | James Meredith | A young African American air force veteran who attempted to enroll in the University of Mississippi in 1962. His right to attend was guaranteed by a federal court, and backed by Kennedy who sent 400 federal marshals and 3000 troops to control mob violence and protect Meredith's rights | |
| 734565033 | Martin Luther King Jr. | nationally recognized Civil Rights leader who was committed to the use of nonviolent tactics to protest segregation. Assassinated in April 1968 | |
| 734565034 | March on Washington | August 1963, MLK Jr. led about 200,000 blacks and whites together in a peaceful march on Washington in support of a civil rights bill | |
| 734565035 | "I have a dream" speech | The culmination of the March on Washington was when MLK Jr. gave this speech calling for the end of racial prejudice | |
| 734565036 | Selma Alabama Voting Rights March 1965 | March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, which met with police beatings and led President Johnson to send in troops to protect MLK Jr. and other civil rights demonstrators | |
| 734565037 | Black Muslims | in search of a new cultural identity based on Africa and Islam they focused on Black Nationalism, separation, and self-improvement | |
| 734565038 | Malcolm X | an ex-convict who adopted the ways of Black Muslims and became a controversial leader of an African American movement calling for self-defense using black violence to counter white violence | |
| 734565039 | Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) | A nongovernmental organization that led groups such as the freedom riders which included African Americans sitting in sections of the bus where they were not allowed as a means of protesting segregation | |
| 734565040 | Stokely Carmichael | Leader of the civil rights organization Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), who repudiated nonviolence and advocated black power and racial separatism | |
| 734565041 | Black Panthers | A revolutionary socialist movement organized by Huey Newton, Bobby Seale and other militants organized in 1966 that called for self rule for American blacks | |
| 734565042 | Watts Riots | summer of 1965 race riots effected this section of Los Angeles where 34 people died, and over 700 buildings were destroyed - it was indicative of race riots that erupted in black neighborhoods of major cities around the country from '64-'68 ("Long Hot Summers") | |
| 734565043 | Kerner Commission | a federal investigation of the race riots that concluded that the Black Panthers were not behind the violence, and that racism and segregation were largely behind the problems | |
| 734565044 | Sexual Revolution | Americans' attitudes towards sexual expressions changed in the 1960s and thereafter | |
| 734565045 | Betty Friedan's "Feminine Mystique" | 1963. Gave the women's movement of the 1960s a new direction by encouraging middle-class women to seek fulfillment in professional careers rather than in traditional roles of wife, mother, and homemaker | |
| 734565046 | National Organization for Women (NOW) | in 1966, Friedan helped found this organization aimed at the activist tactics of the civil rights movement to secure equal treatment for women | |
| 734565047 | Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) | this proposal called for "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." It passed in Congress, but fell just short of the needed acceptance by 38 states. | |
| 734565048 | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | 1962 - an organization led by Tom Hayden issued a statement known as the Port Huron Statement. It called for university decisions being made through participatory democracy, where students could vote on decisions affecting their lives | |
| 734565049 | New Left | Activists and intellects that supported SDS | |
| 734565050 | Alliance for Progress | 1961 - a part of JFK's foreign aid program, it was organized to promote land reform and economic development in Latin America | |
| 734565051 | Trade Expansion Act of 1962 | Authorized tariff reductions with the recently developed European Economic Community of Western European natons | |
| 734565052 | Berlin Wall | August 1961, East Germans with Soviet backing erected a wall around West Berlin with the purpose of keeping East Germans from fleeing to West Germany. It was also largely in response to JFK's refusal to pull American troops out of West Berlin | |
| 734565053 | Nuclear Test Ban Treaty | Late 1963, an agreement was signed with the Soviets prohibiting the trial of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere | |
| 734588392 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | LBJ's use of a naval incident in the Gulf of Tonkin off the North Vietnamese coast to secure congressional authorization for US forces going into combat | |
| 734588393 | Tet Offensive | January 1968 - Lunar New Year - the Vietcong launched an all-out, surprise attack on almost every provincial capital and American base in South Vietnam. It was a turning point in American involvement in Vietnam, in that it showed the American public that despite our efforts there, the communist forces were still able to plan and execute such an attack | |
| 734588394 | Hawks vs Doves | The supporters of the war (hawks) believed that the war was necessary to stop Soviet backed aggression against South Vietnam and eventually all of Southeast Asia. Those against the war (doves) saw the conflict in Vietnam as a civil war being fought by Vietnamese nationalists including some communists who wanted to unite their country through the overthrowing of a corrupt South Vietnamese government | |
| 734588395 | Eugene McCarthy | November 1967, this Minnesota Senator became a political leader of the antiwar movement when he announced that he would challenge President Johnson for the Democratic nomination in the 1968 election | |
| 734588396 | Robert Kennedy | JFK's younger brother who became a Senator from New York and decided to run for president also on the Democratic ticket. He was shot soon after winning the California primary | |
| 734588397 | George Wallace | Governor of Alabama who ran on a self-nominated American Independent ticket in 1968 as a reaction against federal desegregation, antiwar protests, and race riots | |
| 734588398 | Hubert Humphrey | LBJ's vice president, who won the Democratic nomination at the Democratic Convention in 1968, but whose chances of victory in the election were harmed by war demonstrations outside of the convention | |
| 734588399 | Gideon vs Wainright (1963) | required that state courts provide council (services of an attorney) for indigent (poor) defendants | |
| 734588400 | Escobedo vs Illinois (1964) | required the police to inform an arrested person of his or her right to remain silent | |
| 734588401 | Miranda vs Arizona (1966) | extending the ruling of Escobedo to include the right to a lawyer being present during questioning by the police | |
| 734588402 | Baker vs Carr (1962) | declared that congressional districts should be determined by population rather than geographic size - in accordance with the 14th amendment's equal protection clause | |
| 734588403 | Reapportionment | changing the boundaries of Congressional districts in order to ensure fair representation | |
| 734588404 | Yates vs the US (1957) | declared that the First Amendment protected radical and revolutionary speech, even by Communists, unless it was a "clear and present danger" to the safety of the country | |
| 734588405 | Engel vs Vitale (1962) | ruled that state laws requiring prayers and Bible readings in public schools violated the First Amendment's provision for separation of church and state | |
| 736058282 | Civil Rights Act of 1957 | First Federal Civil Rights Bill since 1875, established permanent Civil Rights Commission, appointed an Assistant Attorney General for civil rights in the Justice Department, authorized Federal govt to issue injunctions in case where citizens had been denied the right to vote, little became of law though because of lack of enforcement in South | |
| 736058283 | Crisis at Little Rock | 1957, Governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus mobilized the National Guard to keep 9 black students from enrolling in Little Rock's Central High School. In return, Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort the students to their classes | |
| 736058284 | Warren Court | Chief Justice Earl Warren was appointed by Eisenhower to the Supreme Court. Warren took an active judicial intervention role on social issues that had previously been avoided. Brown vs Board of Education - ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturned previous decision of Plessy vs. Ferguson (separate but equal) | |
| 736058285 | Greensboro sit-in | 1960, 4 African American college students in Greensboro, NC demanded services at a whites only Woolworth's Lunch counter. Refused service but returned next day with 19 classmates. Example spread across South and led to wade-ins, lie-ins and pray-ins that called for equal treatment in restaurants, transportation, employment, housing, and voter registration |
