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| 87888262 | Mound Building Cultures | In the Eastern Woodland tribes, the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississipian groups are also referred to as mound-builder groups. The Adena and Hopewell cultures developed along the Ohio River, while Mississipians lived in the entire Mississippi valley. They primarily built burial grounds with grave goods. This refers to the prehistoric inhabitants of North America who constructed different styles of earthen mounds for burial, residential, and ceremonial purposes. They primarily built burial grounds with grave goods | 0 | |
| 87888263 | Iroquois Confederacy | They are one of the longer lasting tribes of the Native Americans, and even lasted to have contact with Europe. They developed a model democratic society based on a constitution that other tribes agreed to follow. They were a confederation of six tribes. Their constitution outlined how decisions would be made and how tribes interacted with each other; it was orally passed down and people were assigned to memorize it. This tribe was located by New York and New Jersey. The five original tribes were Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Layuga, Ondndaga who were all united by war with each other and then decided to resolve their differences by making the constitution. The Tuscadora tribe later joined. The Grand Council of the People of the Longhouse decided major solutions. They were a matreorical society, the women were highly respected. Women ran clans and appointed the council. The men were hunger- gatherers (Hunted mostly deer) and women were mostly farmers (corn, squash, beans, ext) and also managed the village. | 1 | |
| 87888264 | Anasazi | A fast growing society that stripped a magnificently forested region in their search for firewood and building materials. This resulting soil destruction impoverished the region for them. They developed a lazy village life thousands of years before the Spanish arrived. The Spanish referred to them as "Pueblo" people. They developed planned villages composed of large, terraced, multistoried buildings, each with many rooms and often constructed on defensive sites that would ensure their protection form northern enemies (they lived in the south). By the time the Spanish got to America, this tribe was using irrigation canals, damns, and hillside terracing to water their dry maize fields. Pueblo society resembled peasant communities in parts of Europe because they both had similar agricultural techniques, skills in ceramics, use of woven textiles for clothing, and village life. | 2 | |
| 87888265 | Columbian Exchange | Deadly bacterias, animals, and plants crossed the Atlantic with the Spaniards as they conquered the Americas and with them came an altered ecosystem and transformed landscape. Spanish ships brought over many European foods that were soon incorporated into Native American diets and animals that multiplied so quickly they stripped away plant life causing topsoil erosion and eventually desertification. Both cultures experienced epidemic with new diseases, but European culture did benefit from the flora and fauna of the Americans. | 3 | |
| 87888266 | Treaty of Tordesillas | This was an agreement, made by Pope Alexander V, that divided lands between Spain and Portugal, confirming Portugal's right to the Eastern route and Spain to the western side. It seemed as though Portugal had the better end of the bargain, until the Spanish explored the rest of South America. | 4 | |
| 87888267 | Joint Stock Company | An early kind of modern corporation that sold shares of stock and used the combined capital to supply overseas expeditions operated by the Virginia Company of London under a charter from James I. Although the kings charter began with a concern for bringing Christian religion to the native people who were known as ignorant. Seeking occupational diversity, the Virginia Company sent French silk artisans, Italian glassmakers, and Polish potash burners. They poured more money and settlers to Jamestown, many were indentured servants. The company offered 50 acres of land to anyone paying for a journey to Virginia. | 5 | |
| 87888268 | Middle Passage | The route that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America. This voyage harmed and demoralized the Africans heading to the New World for forced labor. European traders often branded the African slaves with a hot iron to indicate which company had claimed them. Slaves often killed themselves by jumping off the boat or starving themselves. The passage usually took 4 to 8 weeks and one in seven captives died. | 6 | |
| 87888269 | Indentured Servitude | Many settlers traveled to America enticed with promises of free land after seven years of labor for the company. Most of Vriginia's tobacco planters found a reliable source of cheap labor in them. They willingly sold years of their working lives in exchange for free passages to America. Most were male and between the ages of 15 and 24 yeras old. Almost all came from the lower social ladder. Only about one in 20 of these people saw freedom. If diseases did not kill them they often died from brutal working conditions. Because the upper class ruled the courts, they usually found ways to keep indentured servants working for longer. They proved the best way to meet the demand for labor during most of the 17th century. They were often sold like slaves or horses. The population of these people grew faster then the number of enslaved Africans in the northern colonies. | 7 | |
| 87888270 | Bacon's Rebellion | Nathaniel Bacon and other Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia's governor Berkley for trying to appease the indians after they attacked the Chesapeake settlement and were given rights to territories beyond their limits. Land hunger and dissatisfaction with declining tobacco prices, rising taxes, and lack of opportunities led to rebellion. Bacon attacked Native Americans because Berkley refused to punish their actions; Berkley proclaimed Bacon as a rebel. Hatred of Native Americans and hopes of land ownership and independence became a permanent feature of Virginia life. The war relieved much of the social tension among white Virginias. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died. | 8 | |
| 87888271 | Anne Hutchinson | A religious rebel whose ideas provoked intense religious and political crisis in Massachusetts. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that the truly saved were not bound to laws of man or clergy members. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers. | 9 | |
| 87888272 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and clashed with the Puritans on the issue of church and state so he was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. | 10 | |
| 87888273 | King Philip's War | A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. | 11 | |
| 87888274 | French North America | Run by the absolute power as trading area, but was thinly populated because French state couldn't get people migrate; most people hunters, missionaries, and explorers. | 12 | |
| 87888275 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution, after receiving the charter from Charles II. | 13 | |
| 87888276 | Pope's Rebellion | An Indian uprising in 1680 where Pueblo rebels, in an attempt to resist Catholicism and Europeans all together, destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed scores of priests and hundreds of Spanish settlers. | 14 | |
| 87888277 | Salem Witchcraft Trials | In Massachusetts, there was an accusation of brief outbreak of witchcraft in the community of Salem, which turned into a bloody battle. It started off with the initail accusation agains three older women but quickly multiplied and within weeks dozens had been charged. | 15 | |
| 87888278 | Puritans v.s. Separatists | Two Protestant groups that settled in the Massachusetts area. Puritans: They wanted to purify the Anglican church from Roman Catholic ideas. Separatists: These Pilgrims did not want to convert a sinful world, but rather wanted to be left alone to realize their radical vision of a pure and primitive life. | 16 | |
| 87888279 | Great Awakening | Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. It encouraged independent thought and missionary work but undermined older clergy while creating schisms. It led to the founding of new schools. | 17 | |
| 87888280 | Whig Ideology | This body of thought, inherited by England, rested on the belief that intense power was the historical enemy of freedom. Too much power lodged in any person or group produced corruption and tyranny. The best defense against this was a balanced government, elected legislatures who checked executive authority, and people watching their leaders for signs of corruption. | 18 | |
| 87888281 | Leisler's Rebellion | Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. When he heard the news of the Glorious revolution he removed the officials. His rebellion eventually fell apart and him and his son were executed. After this, New York was split for decades between Leislerites and royal supporters. It was one of the first attempts to show the colonies would put up with increased royal control. | 19 | |
| 87888282 | Trial of Peter Zenger | He was a printer, publisher, editor, and journalist in New York. He was charged for inciting people to rebel and misleading accusations agains the governor. His trial was important to the development of freedom of the press. It helped clarify the beliefs of early Colonial life and lay groundwork for the responsibilities of the media and government in a democracy. | 20 | |
| 87888283 | Dominion of New England | The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor. It ended when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. | 21 |
