I am basing these flashcards off of Adam Norris's Youtube videos.
2.1 - Colonization of America
2.2 - Contact between Natives and Colonizers
2.3 - Impact of other Countries on America
Also covered: The Seven Years War, The Enlightenment
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| 1992166971 | What did Spain do with colonization, and why did they do this? | They established strict control over colonization and converted/exploited natives to make money | 0 | |
| 1992171752 | How did the Spanish make money from colonization? | They controlled trade through Spanish ports | 1 | |
| 1992174844 | How did the French colonize America? | They intermarried with natives and build extensive trading partnerships | 2 | |
| 1992176179 | How did the Dutch colonize America? | They built extensive trade routes, mostly in NY. They also encouraged settlement in the New World. | 3 | |
| 1992181669 | Who were the coureurs de bois? | They were French fur traders who developed relationships with natives. | 4 | |
| 1992185649 | How did the English colonize America? | Colonies were based on agriculture, large number of immigrants, hostile relations with Natives | 5 | |
| 1992189720 | What became a cash crop in America? | Tobacco | 6 | |
| 1992191224 | List some conflicts between the English and Natives. | Bacon's Rebellion, Pequot War, King Philip's War | 7 | |
| 1992197783 | What was unique about English colonization of the Americans? | They encouraged immigration and did not intermarry. | 8 | |
| 1992202499 | What was the headright system? | It encouraged landowners to immigrate and receive additional land | 9 | |
| 1992209068 | Why was there an emergence of the Atlantic slave trade? | There was an abundance of land, so labor was needed for agriculture, and there was a shortage of indentured servants. It was hard to enslave natives, as well. | 10 | |
| 1992217504 | Describe slavery in the British colonies. | It was based on a belief of racial superiority. Families could be broken up at any time, and children were made into slaves as well. | 11 | |
| 1992224265 | Describe slave resistance in the British colonies. | Most resistance was covert, but one notable rebellion was the Stono Rebellion. | 12 | |
| 1992231113 | Describe the Stono Rebellion. | 1739 in SC, 100 Africans killed several whites and tried to flee to Spanish Florida. Caught, many executed + more harsh laws were passed. | 13 | |
| 1992235348 | What did Puritans believe regarding the Anglican Church? | They believed in predestination and wanted to purify the Anglican Church. There was little religious toleration, and church members had tremendous power. | 14 | |
| 1992248488 | Who was John Winthrop? | He gave the "City upon a Hill" speech, which described Massachusetts Bay as a model society. | 15 | |
| 1992258837 | How did the New England economy change as a result of colonization? | It saw agriculture, fishing, and commerce. Rocky terrain did not allow for large plantations, and Boston became a major port city. | 16 | |
| 1992267347 | How did the middle colonies' economy change as a result of colonization? | - Very diverse in religion/ethnicity - Quakers settled in PA - Women in PA had more rights/equal Church power - Many German immigrants. | 17 | |
| 1992271267 | Who was William Penn? | He was the man who essentially brought Quakers into America. | 18 | |
| 1992275808 | Describe settlement in the Chesapeake colonies and North Carolina. | They heavily relied on tobacco, and long work days/exhausted land began to develop. | 19 | |
| 1992579331 | Most labor in the Chesapeake colonies and North Carolina was made up of | indentured servants | 20 | |
| 1992582459 | Describe settlement in the Southern Colonies and the West Indies. | - Rice was a major staple crop. - Arduous labor which caused switch to slave labor | 21 | |
| 1994861342 | Describe the economy in the Southern Colonies and the West Indies. | - Sugar cultivation was important - Slave labor was heavily used - Many slaves in population | 22 | |
| 1994861343 | How did conflicts among Europeans spread to North America? | - Example is the French and Indian conflicts at Fort Necessity - Each side was vying for Native support - British offered goods while French offered toleration. - During the French and Indian war, most societies were allied with the French, notably excepting the Iroquois. | 23 | |
| 1994861344 | What was the goal of England and of France in America? | English focused on tobacco and used slaves. French focused on trading fur. | 24 | |
| 1994861345 | How did European and colonial interests vary? | Britain forbade the colonists' territorial expansion past the Proclamation Line of 1763. They began to pass acts to raise money, which caused smuggling. | 25 | |
| 1994861346 | How did contact with Europeans change life for Americans? | - Trade and diseases were increased - Native population in New England went from 10,000 to 1,000 due to disease in dispersion. - A famous war was King Philip's War | 26 | |
| 1994861347 | Describe Spanish colonization after the Pueblo Revolt. | - More freedom than the English - Some Puritans sought to convert natives, many viewed them as disposable. - Tribes gained new weapons. | 27 | |
| 1994861348 | What is the Pueblo revolt sometimes referred to as? | The Popé's Rebellion. | 28 | |
| 1994861349 | Describe the background of the Pueblo Revolt. | - Pueblos were Natives located in the Rio Grande region - Known for distinct buildings - Don Juan de Onate defeated the Pueblos - Spanish ruled Pueblos harshly | 29 | |
| 1994861350 | Describe the Pueblo Revolt. | Popé (a Native religious leader) killed hundreds and forced the Spanish to flee, who regained control in 1686. | 30 | |
| 1994861351 | What was the significance of the Pueblo Revolt? | The Spanish sought to religiously assimilate the Natives, and were also given more freedoms after the Revolt. | 31 | |
| 1994861352 | Describe related events prior to the French and Indian War. | - Albany Plan of Union attempted to negotiate a treaty between the Iroquois and British - Attempt to unite the colonies - The delegates refused to pass it because colonists did not want to surrender control - Salutary neglect | 32 | |
| 1994861353 | Describe the causes of the French and Indian War. | - Started in 1754 when Washington was sent to stop French expansion to Fort Cain - Beaten by French. - Most natives (except the Iroquois) sided with the French - British forcibly enlisted colonists and forced them to provide shelter. | 33 | |
| 1994861354 | The French and Indian War was part of what larger conflict? | The Seven Years War | 34 | |
| 1994861355 | Describe the Peace of Paris. | - Britain gained all French land east of the Mississippi River, save New Orleans - Everything west of the River given to Spain - Ended the French and Indian War | 35 | |
| 1994861356 | List some effects of the French and Indian War. | - Balance of power shifted in North America. - French lost their alliances with Natives - Tensions began to increase between Britain and the colonists - Britain feels the colonies should have shared in the responsibility of the empire, which ended salutary neglect. | 36 | |
| 1994861357 | List some political impacts of the French and Indian War. | Britain focused on active rule of the colonists, and salutary neglect ended. | 37 | |
| 1994861358 | What did King George III and George Grenville do after the French and Indian War? | They focused on active rule of the Colonies. | 38 | |
| 1994861359 | What four major events happened in 1763? | - French and Indian war ended - Salutary neglect ended - Proclamation Line of 1763 - Pontiac's Rebellion. | 39 | |
| 1994861360 | What angered the colonists about the Proclamation Line of 1763? | British troops prevented Americans from expanding past the border, which colonists wanted to change. | 40 | |
| 1994861361 | Describe Colonial Resistance to British Policies. | - Protest groups like the Sons of Liberty were created - Smuggling + writs of assistance - Harsh admirality courts were established | 41 | |
| 1994861362 | What was a writ of assistance? | It was a search warrant for smugglers. | 42 | |
| 1994861363 | List some economic impacts of the French and Indian War. | - Britain was in debt - Colonists contributed little financially - greater taxes - Stamp Act Congress was created, which successfully boycotted the Stamp Act - In response to Stamp Act, the British issued the Declaratory Act | 43 | |
| 1994861364 | List some social impacts of the French and Indian War. | - Colonial soldiers viewed themselves as equals with the British soldiers - An American identity began to develop. | 44 | |
| 1994861365 | How did Atlantic trade affect Americans and other countries? | Slavery grew in the Americas. The Triangular Trade developed. | 45 | |
| 1994861366 | What was Middle Passage? | The dangerous shipment of Africans in close-quartered ships | 46 | |
| 1994861367 | What was Triangular Trade? | Rum, sugar, molasses, and slaves were traded between the French, Dutch, and Spanish. Many Navigation Acts were defied. | 47 | |
| 1994861368 | What promoted Anglicization? | - Similar assemblies to the English government - Trade + Contact increased - Enlightenment ideas traveled to America - Religious toleration granted in some colonies. - Trials by jury - Evangelism | 48 | |
| 1994861369 | How did racial views emerge among colonists? | - Blacks and whites lived in separate living quarters and were segregated - Any slavery resistance was treated harshly. - The Spanish and French were more accepting of the emerging mullatos (European + African) and mestizos. | 49 | |
| 1994861370 | How did regional differences in colonies give way to similarities? | - Crimes were redefined (seen with John Peter Zenger's Trial) - Institutions developed - Colonial governments ceased to act independently of Parliament. | 50 | |
| 1994861371 | What was the goal of mercantilism? | England wanted to make money. | 51 | |
| 1994861372 | How did England's goal of a unified imperial structure turn out? | It was not always successful. Widespread smuggling happened as a result of the Navigation Acts. The Dominion of New England occurred. | 52 | |
| 1994861373 | Describe the Dominion of New England. | - Massachusetts combined with the rest of New England - Later addition of New Jersey and New York - Governed by Sir Edmund Andros, who was overthrown. He tried to escape as a woman. | 53 | |
| 1994861374 | Why did colonists resist British control? | - Enlightenment questioned government - Great Awakening created religious diversity and questioning of authority - Colonists saw themselves as "Englishmen" | 54 | |
| 1994861375 | How did the Enlightenment impact American politics and government? | It helped challenge traditional authority, which inspired the American Revolution (as well as the French and Latin American Revolutions). | 55 | |
| 1994861376 | What was the Enlightenment? | It was a 17th/18th-century movement that valued reason and knowledge. | 56 | |
| 1994861377 | Who was John Locke? | He was influential with his beliefs in "life, liberty, and property", as well as "consent of the governed". These ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence. He wrote the Two Treatises of Government. | 57 | |
| 1994861378 | Who was Baron de Montesquieu? | He advocated separation of powers/checks and balances, and influenced the constitution. He wrote The Spirit of Laws. | 58 | |
| 1994861379 | Who was Thomas Paine? | He advocated the US's independence and wrote Common Sense. | 59 | |
| 1994861380 | What are some ideas seen in the US Government as a result of the Enlightenment? | Three branches of government, freedom of speech | 60 | |
| 2101224412 | Describe King Philip's War. | Between natives and English in Wampanoags, which made the Natives less of a threat to the colonies. | 61 |
