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| 1039075471 | Bloodhound Bill | the new fugitive slave law; stated that slaves could not testify on their own behalf; no jury trial; federal commissioners that handled the case would get $5 if the slave went free and $10 if the slave was guilty | 0 | |
| 1039075472 | finality men | More than five thousand Georgia Whigs, called these, futilely voted for Webster in the 1852 presidential election, even though he had died nearly two weeks before the election | 1 | |
| 1039075473 | Great Nullifier | Senator John C. Calhoun had a view that would bring 2 presidents in one from the North and one from the South each would have the right to veto. Died before the debate was over. | 2 | |
| 1039075474 | Higher Law | Senator William Seward's doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories as a contrary to a divine moral law standing above even the Constitution. | 3 | |
| 1039075475 | Immortal Trio | The congressional debate of 1850 was called to address the possible admission of California to the Union and threats of secession by southerners. Known as the "_____ _____," Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster spoke at the forum. | 4 | |
| 1039075476 | Little Giant | Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. He was the leader of the Young America wing of the Democratic Party and wanted to prevent sectional controversy through use of compromise. | 5 | |
| 1039075477 | personal liberty laws | Laws passed by Northern states forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves; used to counter the Fugitive Slave Laws | 6 | |
| 1039075478 | 49ers | Easterners who flocked to California after the discovery of gold there. They established claims all over northern California and overwhelmed the existing government. arrived in 1849. | 7 | |
| 1039075479 | 7th of March Speech | speech by Daniel Webster in defense of the union. he proposed that we need compromise to keep it together | 8 | |
| 1039075480 | Baltimore Conventions | Convention of 1852- Democratic nominating was deadlocked, elected Franklin Pierce | 9 | |
| 1039075481 | Caleb Cushing | American Diplomat who negotiated the treaty of Wanghai with China in 1844 | 10 | |
| 1039075482 | California Gold Rush | 1848 gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in some 300,000 men, women, and children coming to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. These early gold-seekers, called "forty-niners," traveled to California by sailing boat and in covered wagons across the continent, often facing substantial hardships on the trip. San Francisco grew from a small settlement to a boomtown, and roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. A system of laws and a government were created, leading to the admission of California as a state in 1850 | 11 | |
| 1039075483 | Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | 1850 - Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama | 12 | |
| 1039075484 | Compromise of 1850 | by Daniel Webster, California wanted to join the Union, but if California was accepted the North would gain control of the Senate, and Southerners threatened to secede from the Union. This compromise set up California joining the Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah use popular sovereignty to decide the question of slavery, slave trading is banned in the nation's capital, The Fugitive Slave Law is passed, and the border between Texas and New Mexico was set. | 13 | |
| 1039075485 | Conscience Whigs | Antislavery Whigs who opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds | 14 | |
| 1039075486 | Daniel Webster | A senator from Massachusetts, he gave a famous speech in the Senate on March 7th in favor of the compromise of 1850 | 15 | |
| 1039075487 | Filibustering | This is an attempt to obstruct a particular decision from being taken by using up the time available, typically through an extremely long speech. This would prevent the "opposing" party to pass an unfavorable law and ultimately force a compromise. | 16 | |
| 1039075488 | Franklin Pierce | Democrat (1853-1857), Candidate from the North who could please the South. His success in securing the Gadsden Purchase was overshadowed by the controversy surrounding the Ostend Manifesto, the Kansas Nebraska Act and "Bleeding Kansas." Passions over slavery had been further inflamed, and the North and South were more irreconcilable than before | 17 | |
| 1039075489 | Free-Soil Party | formed from the remnants of the Liberty Party in 1848; adopting a slogan of "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men," it opposed the spread of slavery into territories and supported homesteads, cheap postage, and internal improvements. It ran Martin Van Buren (1848) and John Hale (1852) for president and was absorbed into the Republican Party by 1856. | 18 | |
| 1039075490 | Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 | Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways. Strengthened the antislavery cause in the North | 19 | |
| 1039075491 | Gadsden Purchase | 1853 - After the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo was signed, the U.S. realized that it had accidentally left portions of the southwestern stagecoach routes to California as part of Mexico. James Gadsen, the U.S. Minister to Mexico, was instructed by President Pierce to draw up a treaty that would provide for the purchase of the territory through which the stage lines ran, along which the U.S. hoped to also eventually build a southern continental railroad. This territory makes up the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. | 20 | |
| 1039075492 | Harriet Tubman | American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom. | 21 | |
| 1039075493 | Henry Clay | Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however. | 22 | |
| 1039075494 | Jefferson Davis | A leading southern politician of the 1850s, he believed slavery essential to the South and held that it should expand into the territories without restriction. He served as U.S. senator from Mississippi (1847-1851, 1857-1861) and secretary of war (1853-1857) before becoming president of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) during the Civil War. | 23 | |
| 1039075495 | John C. Calhoun | (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class. | 24 | |
| 1039075496 | Kansas- Nebraska Act | 1854 - This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and established a doctrine of congressional nonintervention in the territories. Popular sovereignty (vote of the people) would determine whether Kansas and Nebraska would be slave or free states. | 25 | |
| 1039075497 | Lewis Cass | Democratic senator who proposed popular sovereignty to settle the slavery question in the territories; he lost the presidential election in 1848 against Zachary Taylor but continued to advocate his solution to the slavery issue throughout the 1850s. | 26 | |
| 1039075498 | Matthew C. Perry | Commodore sent to Japan to persuade that country to open up its ports to trade with Americans. In 1854, he convinced Japan's government to agree to a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. trading vessels | 27 | |
| 1039075499 | Mexican Cession | 1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles. | 28 | |
| 1039075500 | Millard Fillmore | Successor of President Zachary Taylor after his death on July 9th 1850. He helped pass the Compromise of 1850 by gaining the support of Northern Whigs for the compromise. | 29 | |
| 1039075501 | Nebrascals | These were northern abolitionists who headed out West to eradicate slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska. | 30 | |
| 1039075502 | Old Guard | The CA crisis brought into the congressional forum the most distinguished assemblage of statesmen since the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including this dying generation | 31 | |
| 1039075503 | young Guard | Young radical anti-slaveryites more interested in purification and purging of the Union than its preservation | 32 | |
| 1039075504 | Opium War | 1839-1842. Chinese attempted to prohibit the opium trade, British declared war and won against Chinese. Treaty of Nanjing, agreed to open 5 ports to British trade and limit tariffs on British goods and gave Hong Kong. | 33 | |
| 1039075505 | Ostend Manifesto | a document drawn up in 1854 that instructed the buying of Cuba from Spain, then suggested the taking of Cuba by force It caused outrage among Northerners who felt it was a Southern attempt to extend slavery as states in Cuba would be southern states. | 34 | |
| 1039075506 | Republican Party | A party formed that was against slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It was formed in 1854. Abe Lincoln was a republican president. They wanted Kansas to be admitted as a free state, and they were against popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery. | 35 | |
| 1039075507 | Stephen Douglass | Illinois politician who beat Abraham Lincoln in a senate race after a series of debates with him. Strong supporter of popular sovereignty and the Kansas Nebraska Act. Ran as a democrat for presidency in 1860 but lost to Lincoln. | 36 | |
| 1039075508 | Sutter's Mill | Saw mill owned by John Sutter and James Marshall. Built on a bed rich in gold. In January 1848, gold was first found in Sutter's mill - Caused many people to go to California in search of gold | 37 | |
| 1039075509 | Treaty of 1848 | US gains South west | 38 | |
| 1039075510 | Treaty of Kanagawa | (1854) trade treaty between Japan and the United States opening up two Japanese ports to U.S. trade; signed in response to a show of force by U.S. admiral Matthew Perry | 39 | |
| 1039075511 | Treaty of Wanghia | Signed by China; First formal diplomatic agreement between the United States and China; US got most favored nation status and extraterritoriality (meaning that Americans accused of crimes in China would be tried in America before Americans); allowed American trade with China to flourish and opened opportunity for American missionaries | 40 | |
| 1039075512 | Underground Railroad | A secret cooperative network that aided fugitive slaves in reaching sanctuary in the free states or in Canada in the years before the abolition of slavery in the United States | 41 | |
| 1039075513 | William Seward | An early supporter of American expansion and Secretary of State under President Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. In 1867, he arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 Million. Seward had some trouble persuading the House of Representatives to approve funding for the purchase. It was sometimes called, "Seward's IceBox," "Seward's Folly." | 42 | |
| 1039075514 | William Walker | installed himself as the President of Nicaragua in July 1856. He legalized slavery, but was overthrown by surrounding Central American countries and killed in 1860. | 43 | |
| 1039075515 | Winfield Scott | United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) | 44 | |
| 1039075516 | Zachary Taylor | (1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore. | 45 |
