1058444144 | $300 men | Conscription law caused this. Rich boys could hire substitutes to go in their places or purchase an exemption out right by paying $300. This was a scornful epithet applied to these slackers. Draftees complained. | |
1058444145 | Coal-oil Johnnies | Nickname for pioneers pushing westward for Oil plutocracy. | |
1058444146 | cotton famine | depression in the textile industry of North West England, brought about by the interruption of baled cotton imports caused by the American Civil War. | |
1058444147 | government girls | women who filled jobs left when the men went to fight | |
1058444148 | plutocracy | government of the wealthy | |
1058444149 | King Wheat | North had great weather which led to good harvests, mechanical reapers helped, and Britain had a bad harvest which led to trading (grain) | |
1058444150 | King Corn | monarchs of Northern agriculture-during war years the north had ideal weather while Britain had a series of bad harvests. Had the cheapest and most abundant supply | |
1058444151 | Shoddy Millionaires | Scornful term for Northern manufacturers who made quick fortunes out of selling cheaply made shoes and other inadequate goods to the U.S. Army | |
1058444152 | submissionists | The 11 succeeded states. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina joined the original 7. | |
1058444153 | wage slaves | Whereas the slaves were provided with food, clothing, shelter, and the owner had a vested interest in the slave, even when the slaves were old, Northern factory owners simply worked their employees for a tiny wage, then sent them on their way home to fend for themselves. | |
1058444154 | 59ers | the gold seekers who streamed into the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory in 1859. | |
1058444155 | Billy Yank | the ordinary Union soldier; committed to the cause; represented vast section of society; literate, intellectual, practical, efficient; adapted quickly to army discipline; suffered dull camp life; suffered disease and high stress of battle; shortages and decrease in moral standards as war progressed | |
1058444156 | Johnny Reb | typical Confederate soldier; commitment to cause; jocular, emotional, religious, and personally concerned about war; defense of home meant more to them b/c fighting occurred on their soil; rural individualism and homegrown disrespect for authority; dull camp life; disease; high stress battle; especially had shortages and decrease in moral standards | |
1058444157 | Border States | States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. | |
1058444158 | bounty brokers | These people were more for their own profit than for the war profit. They would enticed people to enlist by giving them a bonus sum of money. | |
1058444159 | Butternut Region | The region of southern Illinois, Indiana and Ohio which held racial prejudices. This along with the border states caused Lincoln to publicly proclaim that he was not fighting to free the blacks, only for the union, not a anti slavery war | |
1058444160 | Charles Francis Adams | An American diplomat who, as ambassador during the Civil War. He helped to keep the British from recognizing the Confederacy. In the Trent affair, he was instrumental in averting hostilities between the two nations. | |
1058444161 | Clara Barton | "a schoolteacher who volunteered as a nurse during the Civil War. Most notably, she organized the American Red Cross, which linked with the International Red Cross when the U.S. Congress ratified the Geneva Convention in 1882" | |
1058444162 | conscription | Confederacy subjected all white males between 18-35 to military service for three years. Provision aroused opposition from poorer whites so repealed in 1863 | |
1058444163 | Dorothea Dix | A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. | |
1058444164 | Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell | America's first female physician. She helped organize the U.S. Sanitary commission to assist the Union armies in the field. The commission trained nurses, collected medial supplies, and equipped hospitals. Commission work helped many women acquire the skills and self-confidence that would propel the women's rights movement after the war. | |
1058444165 | Draft Riots | Conscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers | |
1058444166 | Edwin Stanton | An American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War. Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory. | |
1058444167 | Election of 1860 | Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. | |
1058444168 | Emperor Maximilian | Appointed emperor of Mexico by Napoleon III, after forces were sent to protect French interests in Mexico. When French troops were recalled home, he was left without an army; he surrendered to Mexican forces and was executed; seen as a blow to the prestige of the French emperor. | |
1058444169 | Ft. Sumter | (outside Charleston harbor) First official battle of the Civil War, Federal fort, succumbed to the Confederacy, Lincoln let it go because he didn't want the North to be blamed for starting the Civil War. | |
1058444170 | Homestead Act of 1862 | (1862) A federal Law that gave settlers 160 Acres of land for about 30$ if they lived on it for 5 years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped the land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land. | |
1058444171 | Jefferson Davis | An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865. | |
1058444172 | King Cotton | A slogan used by southerners (1860-61) to support secession from the United States by arguing cotton exports would make an independent Confederacy economically prosperous; southerners spontaneously refused to sell or ship out their cotton in early 1861; Consequently, the strategy proved a failure for the Confederacy--King Cotton did not help the new nation. | |
1058444173 | Morril Tariff Act | Established in 1861, the Tariff was a protective one that raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of industrial workers. Replaced the Tariff of 1857, which was made to benefit the South. Other Morril-sponsored Tariffs were made during the Civil War to raise money. The high rates inaugurated a period of continuous. | |
1058444174 | National Banking System | Authorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a standard bank currency. Banks that joined the system could buy bonds and issue paper money. First significant step toward a national bank. (North) | |
1058444175 | rebel yell | was a battle cry used by Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War they would use the yell during charges to intimidate the enemy and boost their own morale; blood-curdling scream | |
1058444176 | Richmond | Served as the capital of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. | |
1058444177 | Robert E. Lee | American soldier, he refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. | |
1058444178 | Sally Tompkins | Established an infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers in Richmond, Virginia. When Confederate hospitals were brought under military control, Jefferson Davis commissioned her as an officer with the rank of captain, making her the first female military officer in American history. | |
1058444179 | The Alabama | A Confederate ship built in Britain and armed after it left port so it was not considered a warship when it left port. Displayed the main foreign intervention in the war, and because it never landed in a Confederate port it yielded Britain the naval base of the Confederacy. | |
1058444180 | Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | he was a confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. he earned his nickname at the battle of first bull run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of chancellorsville his own men accidentally mortally wounded him. | |
1058444181 | Trent Affair | In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release | |
1058444182 | Ulysses Simpson Grant | Northern general who helped gain victory for the union. earned the nickname "unconditional surrender". eventually grant was given command of the union forces attacking vicksburg-this would be his greatest victory of the war. made general in chief after more impressive victories near chattanooga. his final victory came when he defeated Robert e lee at Richmond and forced him to surrender at appomattox court house in Virginia. | |
1058444183 | William Seward | American politician from New York; 12th governor of New York; US senator, secretary of state under Lincoln and Johnson; Opposed the spread of slavery before the Civil War | |
1058444184 | Writ of Habeas Corpus | A court order directing a police officer, sheriff, or warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge to show sufficient cause for his or her detention. The purpose of the order is to prevent illegal arrests and unlawful imprisonment. Under the Constitution, the writ cannot be suspended, except during invasion or rebellion. |
APUSH American Pageant 13th edition chapter 20 Flashcards
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