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APUSH American Pageant 13th edition chapter 20 Flashcards

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1058444144$300 menConscription law caused this. Rich boys could hire substitutes to go in their places or purchase an exemption out right by paying $300. This was a scornful epithet applied to these slackers. Draftees complained.
1058444145Coal-oil JohnniesNickname for pioneers pushing westward for Oil plutocracy.
1058444146cotton faminedepression in the textile industry of North West England, brought about by the interruption of baled cotton imports caused by the American Civil War.
1058444147government girlswomen who filled jobs left when the men went to fight
1058444148plutocracygovernment of the wealthy
1058444149King WheatNorth had great weather which led to good harvests, mechanical reapers helped, and Britain had a bad harvest which led to trading (grain)
1058444150King Cornmonarchs of Northern agriculture-during war years the north had ideal weather while Britain had a series of bad harvests. Had the cheapest and most abundant supply
1058444151Shoddy MillionairesScornful term for Northern manufacturers who made quick fortunes out of selling cheaply made shoes and other inadequate goods to the U.S. Army
1058444152submissionistsThe 11 succeeded states. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina joined the original 7.
1058444153wage slavesWhereas the slaves were provided with food, clothing, shelter, and the owner had a vested interest in the slave, even when the slaves were old, Northern factory owners simply worked their employees for a tiny wage, then sent them on their way home to fend for themselves.
105844415459ersthe gold seekers who streamed into the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory in 1859.
1058444155Billy Yankthe ordinary Union soldier; committed to the cause; represented vast section of society; literate, intellectual, practical, efficient; adapted quickly to army discipline; suffered dull camp life; suffered disease and high stress of battle; shortages and decrease in moral standards as war progressed
1058444156Johnny Rebtypical Confederate soldier; commitment to cause; jocular, emotional, religious, and personally concerned about war; defense of home meant more to them b/c fighting occurred on their soil; rural individualism and homegrown disrespect for authority; dull camp life; disease; high stress battle; especially had shortages and decrease in moral standards
1058444157Border StatesStates bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.
1058444158bounty brokersThese people were more for their own profit than for the war profit. They would enticed people to enlist by giving them a bonus sum of money.
1058444159Butternut RegionThe region of southern Illinois, Indiana and Ohio which held racial prejudices. This along with the border states caused Lincoln to publicly proclaim that he was not fighting to free the blacks, only for the union, not a anti slavery war
1058444160Charles Francis AdamsAn American diplomat who, as ambassador during the Civil War. He helped to keep the British from recognizing the Confederacy. In the Trent affair, he was instrumental in averting hostilities between the two nations.
1058444161Clara Barton"a schoolteacher who volunteered as a nurse during the Civil War. Most notably, she organized the American Red Cross, which linked with the International Red Cross when the U.S. Congress ratified the Geneva Convention in 1882"
1058444162conscriptionConfederacy subjected all white males between 18-35 to military service for three years. Provision aroused opposition from poorer whites so repealed in 1863
1058444163Dorothea DixA reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.
1058444164Dr. Elizabeth BlackwellAmerica's first female physician. She helped organize the U.S. Sanitary commission to assist the Union armies in the field. The commission trained nurses, collected medial supplies, and equipped hospitals. Commission work helped many women acquire the skills and self-confidence that would propel the women's rights movement after the war.
1058444165Draft RiotsConscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers
1058444166Edwin StantonAn American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during most of the American Civil War. Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory.
1058444167Election of 1860Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.
1058444168Emperor MaximilianAppointed emperor of Mexico by Napoleon III, after forces were sent to protect French interests in Mexico. When French troops were recalled home, he was left without an army; he surrendered to Mexican forces and was executed; seen as a blow to the prestige of the French emperor.
1058444169Ft. Sumter(outside Charleston harbor) First official battle of the Civil War, Federal fort, succumbed to the Confederacy, Lincoln let it go because he didn't want the North to be blamed for starting the Civil War.
1058444170Homestead Act of 1862(1862) A federal Law that gave settlers 160 Acres of land for about 30$ if they lived on it for 5 years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped the land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land.
1058444171Jefferson DavisAn American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.
1058444172King CottonA slogan used by southerners (1860-61) to support secession from the United States by arguing cotton exports would make an independent Confederacy economically prosperous; southerners spontaneously refused to sell or ship out their cotton in early 1861; Consequently, the strategy proved a failure for the Confederacy--King Cotton did not help the new nation.
1058444173Morril Tariff ActEstablished in 1861, the Tariff was a protective one that raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of industrial workers. Replaced the Tariff of 1857, which was made to benefit the South. Other Morril-sponsored Tariffs were made during the Civil War to raise money. The high rates inaugurated a period of continuous.
1058444174National Banking SystemAuthorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a standard bank currency. Banks that joined the system could buy bonds and issue paper money. First significant step toward a national bank. (North)
1058444175rebel yellwas a battle cry used by Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War they would use the yell during charges to intimidate the enemy and boost their own morale; blood-curdling scream
1058444176RichmondServed as the capital of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
1058444177Robert E. LeeAmerican soldier, he refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.
1058444178Sally TompkinsEstablished an infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers in Richmond, Virginia. When Confederate hospitals were brought under military control, Jefferson Davis commissioned her as an officer with the rank of captain, making her the first female military officer in American history.
1058444179The AlabamaA Confederate ship built in Britain and armed after it left port so it was not considered a warship when it left port. Displayed the main foreign intervention in the war, and because it never landed in a Confederate port it yielded Britain the naval base of the Confederacy.
1058444180Thomas "Stonewall" Jacksonhe was a confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. he earned his nickname at the battle of first bull run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of chancellorsville his own men accidentally mortally wounded him.
1058444181Trent AffairIn 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release
1058444182Ulysses Simpson GrantNorthern general who helped gain victory for the union. earned the nickname "unconditional surrender". eventually grant was given command of the union forces attacking vicksburg-this would be his greatest victory of the war. made general in chief after more impressive victories near chattanooga. his final victory came when he defeated Robert e lee at Richmond and forced him to surrender at appomattox court house in Virginia.
1058444183William SewardAmerican politician from New York; 12th governor of New York; US senator, secretary of state under Lincoln and Johnson; Opposed the spread of slavery before the Civil War
1058444184Writ of Habeas CorpusA court order directing a police officer, sheriff, or warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge to show sufficient cause for his or her detention. The purpose of the order is to prevent illegal arrests and unlawful imprisonment. Under the Constitution, the writ cannot be suspended, except during invasion or rebellion.

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