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| 3730107691 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy; wrote "The influence of Sea Power upon History" | 0 | |
| 3730107692 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations | 1 | |
| 3730109070 | Josiah Strong | a popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas | 2 | |
| 3730109071 | James G. Blaine | Republican candidate for president in 1884, quintessence of spoils system; highly disgusted the mugwumps (many Republicans turned to Democrat Cleveland) | 3 | |
| 3730110736 | Richard Olney | Attorney General of the U.S., he obtained an active injunction that state union members couldn't stop the movement of trains. He moved troops in to stop the Pullman strike. | 4 | |
| 3730110737 | Queen Liliuokalani | the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests | 5 | |
| 3730110738 | William Randolph Hearst | A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism." | 6 | |
| 3730112800 | Valeriano Weyler | General sent by Spain to stop Cuban revolt, referred to as the "Butcher" because of harsh tactics "concentration camps, shooting civilian, etc.) | 7 | |
| 3730112801 | Dupuy de Lóme | He was a Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a private letter to a friend concerning President McKinley (called him basically usless and indecisive) The discovery of his letter strained Spanish-American relations, which helped initiate the Spanish-American War. | 8 | |
| 3730114106 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. | 9 | |
| 3730114107 | George Dewey | A United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines | 10 | |
| 3730114108 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. | 11 | |
| 3730115394 | William Howard Taft | (1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, He fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson | 12 | |
| 3730115395 | Mark Twain | The writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910); used "realistic fiction". Member of the Anti-Imperialist League. | 13 | |
| 3730117298 | John Philip Sousa | American bandmaster and composer who wrote comic operas and marches such as Stars and Stripes Forever (1897). | 14 | |
| 3730117299 | Elihu Root | Secretary of War under Roosevelt, he reorganized and modernized the U.S. Army. Later served as ambassador for the U.S. and won the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize. | 15 | |
| 3730118655 | John Hay | Was the Secretary of State in 1899; dispatched the Open Door Notes to keep the countries that had spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors on trade between China and the U.S. | 16 | |
| 3730118656 | Philippe Bunau-Varilla | Chief engineer of the French company that attempted to build a canal through the Panamanian isthmus, chief planner of the Panamanian revolt against Colombia, and later minister to the United States from the new Republic of Panama | 17 | |
| 3730120386 | George Washington Goethals | United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal (1858-1928) | 18 | |
| 3730120387 | yellow press | A deliberately sensational journalism of scandal and exposure designed to attract an urban mass audience and increase advertising revenues. | 19 | |
| 3730121900 | "twisting the lion's tail" | a term for provoking the British | 20 | |
| 3730121901 | insurrectos | Cuban insurgents who sought freedom from colonial Spanish rule. Their destructive tactics threatened American economic interests in Cuban plantations and railroads. | 21 | |
| 3730121902 | reconcentration camps | A term that referred to the Spanish refugee camps into which Cuban farmers were herded in 1896 to prevent them from providing assistance to rebels fighting for Cuban independence from Spain | 22 | |
| 3730123958 | jingoism | belligerent support of one's country | 23 | |
| 3730123959 | imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. | 24 | |
| 3730123960 | spheres of influence | Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China) | 25 | |
| 3730125769 | "White Man's Burden" | idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those "less civilized" | 26 | |
| 3730127181 | "Little Brown Brothers" | William H. Taft's belittling term of endearment for the Filipinos. | 27 | |
| 3730127182 | "big stick" | Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen | 28 | |
| 3730129035 | "yellow peril" | Western term for perceived threat of Japanese imperialism around 1900, met by increased Western imperialism in region | 29 | |
| 3730129036 | Pan-American Conference | Conference called by James Blaine that created an organization of cooperation between the US and Latin American countries | 30 | |
| 3730130528 | Our Country | written in 1885 intended to promote domestic missionary activity in the American West. It may have encouraged support for imperialistic United States policy among American Protestants. He pleaded for more missionary work in the nation's cities, and for reconciliation to end racial conflict. He was one of the first to warn that Protestants (most of whom lived in rural areas or small towns) were ignoring the problems of the cities and the working classes. | 31 | |
| 3730131844 | The Influence of Sea Power upon History | written by Alfred T. Mahan, it emphasized that control of the sea was the key to world dominance and that countries should build up their navies | 32 | |
| 3730131845 | Pearl Harbor | American military base in Hawaii | 33 | |
| 3730133203 | Teller Amendment | Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war | 34 | |
| 3730133204 | The Maine | An explosion from a mine in the Bay of Havanna crippled the warship Maine. The U.S. blamed Spain for the incident and used it as an excuse to go to war with Spain. In 1976, it was revealed that the ship had randomly combusted. | 35 | |
| 3730134600 | Rough Riders | Organized by Theodore Roosevelt, this was a colorful, motley regimen of Cuban war volunteers consisting of western cowboys, ex-convicts, and effete Ivy leaguers. Roosevelt emphasized his experience with the regiment in subsequent campaigns for Governor of New York and Vice-President under William McKinley. | 36 | |
| 3730136135 | Anti-Imperialist League | objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900 | 37 | |
| 3730136136 | Foraker Act | gave the US direct control over and power to set up a government in Puerto Rico | 38 | |
| 3730137799 | insular cases | These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. | 39 | |
| 3730137800 | Guantanamo Bay | Acquired by sending marines. The United States assumed territorial control over Guantanamo Bay under the 1903 Cuban-American Treaty, which granted the United States a perpetual lease of the area without the Cuban Government reacting. This is now used as a prison. | 40 | |
| 3730137801 | Platt Amendment | Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble | 41 | |
| 3730140037 | Philippine insurrection | Even before the Philippines was annexed by the U.S. there existed tension between U.S. troops and Filippinos. The situation deteriorated and eventually we entered into a war with the Philippines. Emilio Aguinaldo helped Americans fight Spain only to turn on them once free. In 1901, Aguinaldo surrendered which greatly hurt the Filippino cause. The Philippines was not an independent nation until July 4, 1946. | 42 | |
| 3730140038 | Open Door notes | A series of letters sent in 1899 by US secretary of state John hey to Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia, howling for equal economic access to the China market for all states and for the maintenance of the Tarrant Oreo and administrative integrity of the Chinese empire. | 43 | |
| 3730142277 | Boxer Rebellion | A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. | 44 | |
| 3730142278 | Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | 1850 - Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Abrogated by the U.S. in 1881. | 45 | |
| 3730144812 | Hay-Pauncefote Treaty | 1901 - Great Britain recognized U.S. Sphere of Influence over the Panama canal zone provided the canal itself remained neutral. U.S. given full control over construction and management of the canal. | 46 | |
| 3730146766 | Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty | (1903) treaty that granted the US land to build the Panama canal in exchange for $10 million and annual payments to Panama. Occurred shortly after Panama's independence. | 47 | |
| 3730146767 | Panama Canal | A canal that crosses the isthmus of Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Built by the United States between 1904 and 1914. | 48 | |
| 3730147923 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force | 49 | |
| 3730149116 | Russo-Japanese War | War between Russia and Japan; Japan wins and takes parts of Manchuria under its control. | 50 | |
| 3730149117 | Portsmouth Conference | The meeting between Japan, Russia, and the U.S. that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for stopping the fighting between those two countries. | 51 | |
| 3730151009 | San Francisco school crisis | "separate but equal doctrine" that segregated Chinese school children from others | 52 | |
| 3730152824 | Gentlemen's Agreement | Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japanese men already living in the US to join them | 53 | |
| 3730152825 | Great White Fleet | 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." | 54 | |
| 3730161832 | Root-Takahira agreement | Agreement between Japan and America in which they pledged to respect each others territorial claims in the Pacific and also maintained an "open door" policy for trade with China | 55 | |
| 3740008260 | Big sister policy | Aimed to rally Latin American nations behind the United States and open Latin American markets to American traders. | 56 | |
| 3740015690 | Great Rapprochement | Reconciliation between America and Britain in 1890 after tensions were rising due to border disputes in Latin America | 57 | |
| 3740020454 | McKinley Tariff | 1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history | 58 |
