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| caused by .(1754) 21 yr. old G. Wash is sent by Virg. gov. to confront the Fr. at Fort Duquesne/Pittsburgh •Wash. is outnumbered, captured, & released •GB responds by deporting Fr. citizens out of Nova Scotia (Acadia); Fr. go to Louisiana & later become known as "Cajuns" (Acadians) English colonists expanding westward into the Ohio Valley towards/into French territory Numerous World Wars , 1754-1763, a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes) | ||
| proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754. so the colonists will unify and fight better than during prior battles w/ Indians/ in World Wars Delegates vote in favor but not the colonists | ||
| Ended the French and Indian war. tribes cannot easily play one European off another anymore Fr. allowed to keep sugar islands in Caribbean b.Friction developed during and after the war b/t GB and the Colonists Col. supply limited $$$ & # of soldiers for war c.The colonists are a bit more unified than they were before the war. French lose all of its N. American territories | ||
| Chief of ottawa senses new situation & tries to drive GB out of Ohio Valley GB wins: responds w/small pox blankets Colonists start to expand westward | ||
| Colonists become very angry: This is one key cause of the Amer. Revolution GB prohibits Colonists from expanding beyond App. Mts. so prob. w/ Indians will be limited | ||
| Export a lot; Import little; Gather gold (Colonies help GB with these goals, but it frustrates the colonists psychologically even if they find ways to avoid the actual financial costs by smuggling). | ||
| Colonial products to travel on British ships only (cut out Dutch ships). Strict enforcement starts in 1764 to help pay Fr.&Ind.War dept. enumerated" products (i.e. tobacco) must only be sold to GB even if better prices are available elsewhere. Eur. goods going to colonies have to stop in GB so tariffs can be applied. | ||
| Prime Minister Grenville used this to cure GB debt a tax on foreign molasses and sugar; many colonists had bought less expensive sugar from the West Indies instead of the more expensive variety from England Reduced a bit after the colonists complained | ||
| an act passed by Prime Minister Grenville that required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops; many colonists resented this and many refused to comply Col. provide food and lodging for Brit. soldiers Colonists resent this Designed to help pay the costs of protecting the colonies. | ||
| an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents repealed by Parliament in 1766 | ||
| British governmental theory made by Prime Minister Grenville that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members | ||
| Secret societies formed to protest new taxes passed by Parliament. Led the Boston Tea Party and threatened tax collectors. Homes of British officials are ransacked •Confiscate tax money •Hang effigies of stamp agents | ||
| (1766)the response after repealing the stamp act it stated that parliament has right to make laws without colonial consent GB affirmed its power to make laws & statutes over the Amer. colonies. | ||
| laws passed in 1767 Small indirect duty/tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea paid that is paid at the ports not by the final consumer. •Money raised designed to pay the salaries of British officials in the colonies. | ||
| a riot in Boston (March 5, 1770) arising from the resentment of Boston colonists toward British troops quartered in the city, in which the troops fired on the mob and killed several persons., The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution | ||
| Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication by interchanging letters Soon, an inter-colonial system was set up between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies | ||
| only one left from the Townshend Acts Colonists think it's a trick to make them drink tea and swallow their principles | ||
| demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor | ||
| a.Boston Port Act: Closed Boston Harbor until lost tea was paid for b.Restrictions on Mass. town meetings, etc. c.Trials for GB officials now to be GB d.Quebec Act (dev. at same time but sep. from IA): Nice political dev. for Canada, including a southward expansion of their territory. in response to Boston Tea Party | ||
| September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts •"Association" created; calls for total boycott of British goods | ||
| The town is famous for being the site of the opening shots ("the shot heard 'round the world") the first engagement of the American Revolution. | ||
| the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775) | ||
| in 1775 They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence | ||
| limited (military) leadership experience but a natural leader: strong character; patient; courageous; self-disciplined; just; trusted; served w/out pay; a Virginian; not a fortune seeker | ||
| Brit. gunpowder taken by Ethan Allan & Benedict Arnold | ||
| 1,000+ Red Coats killed; whites of their eyes; Colonists lose spot only b/c they ran out of ammunition | ||
| King George III for peace but he says no b/c he was angry about Battle of Bunker Hill. a.King George III formally declares that the colonists are in rebellion and thus rebels will be hanged. German mercenaries hired. , Final peace offer from colonies to Britain, in exchange for an airing of grievances, was met with the Prohibitory Act | ||
| written by Thomas Paine (1776) a.Pro-independence, pro-republic, anti-monarchy, gov'ts. should only rule w/ consent of the governed. •Some Patriots were concerned with extending such power to the masses. | ||
| Written by Thomas Jefferson and approved by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776) ."All men are created equal....[with] the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." A list of reasons why the colonies were declaring their independence | ||
| a.k.a the american revolution it was the revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain | ||
| gen washington and him surrounded cornwallis at yorktown , helped secure help from France | ||
| captures 1,000+ Hessian troops | ||
| Colonial winter camp with few supplies | ||
| A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately had France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent. | ||
| Besides George Washington, the most militarily effective American officer in the early campaigns of 1776 & 1777 was..., Fought in the Battle of Quebec, later turned traitor; plotted with Britian to sell out the key strong hold of West Point | ||
| ships that are privately owned but are urged to attack enemy ships during a war, armed private ships fought British ships | ||
| The last major battle of the war in which Charles Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington. The French helped us. The war was over, and colonists had won! British General Cornwallis is surrounded by French forces by sea and Washington's troops by land 1781 | ||
| Ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognized the United States as an independent nation | ||
| the document that describes the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of the gov't of a specific state, much as the U.S. Constitution does for the federal gov't | ||
| a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution) | ||
| a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states No executive branch | ||
| Colonies had prior land claims that expanded far to the west and it gave western claims to nat. gov't. and to be for the dev. of future states. | ||
| Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery allowed territories in the Old Northwest to become states soon after getting 60,000 citizens. | ||
| Mass. farmers couldn't pay taxes and debts b/c of the economic problems and thus they were losing their property. Seeking debt relief through the issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, they attempted to prevent the courts from seizing property from indebted farmers by forcing the closure of courts in western Massachusetts | ||
| The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution. and was chaired by Washington, but James Madison was later called the "Father of the Constitution" b/c of his many contributions. Alexander Hamilton favored a strong central gov't. | ||
| James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population Bicameral (two house) legislature based on population. | ||
| Unicameral (one house) legislature with equal representation for each state c.Connecticut Compromise/Great Compromise: Bicameral (two house) legislature (Congress) with the upper house (Senate) having equal representation and the lower house (House of Rep.) based on each state's population. | ||
| North did not want slaves to be counted towards a state's representation; the South wanted slaves counted; Compromise=count them as 3/5 of a person. | ||
| importing new slaves by 1807 | ||
| the branch of the United States government that is responsible for carrying out the laws 4 year term | ||
| the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president set up just in case the people elect a president who is not qualified (fear of the masses). The E.C. never ends up being used for what it was intended | ||
| to be elected by state legislatures (fear of the masses) 6 year term | ||
| judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state / provincial / local level. to be appointed to a lifetime position by the president (fear of the masses) | ||
| must be 25, 7 years of citizenship, 2 year term, 435 members, speaker of the house, no limit on terms | ||
| supporters of the stronger central govt. who advocated the ratification of the new constitution | ||
| sharing of power (b/t state and national gov'ts.) | ||
| a series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (using the name "publius") published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the new constitution | ||
| People who opposed the constitution | ||
| last states to ratify | ||
| group made up of the heads of the executive departments that advises the US president |
