Overview of Chapter 18 in American History: A Survey
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| 638265662 | Urban growth | Post civil war cities exploded due to immigration, jobs, railroads/ships, and conveniences/entertainments | |
| 638265663 | Pre WWI Migrations | Young farm women left due to mechanization of agriculture and mass-produced goods Southern blacks left because of rural racism despite the prevalence of urban racism | |
| 638265664 | European Immigration | Europeans from all over Europe continued to flood into industrial cities | |
| 638265665 | Ethnic neighborhoods | Cities were diverse as a whole but ethnicities tended to stick together, ethnic neighborhoods would sell ethnic foods, have ethnic holidays, religious groups | |
| 638265666 | Assimilation | Idea of "becoming American." Many immigrants tried to become as American as possible in order to gain "American" success | |
| 638265667 | Nativism | Anti-immigrant attitude; combination of racism and fear of economic competition | |
| 638265668 | American Protective Association/Immigration Restriction League | Founded by Henry Bowers and five Harvard alumni respectively, wanted restriction of immigration | |
| 638265670 | Urban park | Natural-looking public spaces | |
| 638265671 | Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvery Vaux | Designed Central Park, as well as many other public parks in the country | |
| 638265672 | Public libraries, museums, concert halls, etc. | Often funded by rich philanthropists | |
| 638265673 | Columbian Exposition (1893) | World's fair, inspired the city beautiful movement, had neoclassical architecture - ambitious plans | |
| 638265675 | Suburb | Early suburbs connected to city by road, railroad, or trains | |
| 638265676 | Tenement | Cramped, awful slums | |
| 638265677 | "How the Other Half Lives" by Jacob Riis | Exposé of the tenement slums | |
| 638265680 | Skyscrapers | Made possible by elevators and steel girders | |
| 638265678 | Subways, elevated railways | Subways first appeared in Boston around beginning of the 20th century, they were forms of mass transit | |
| 638944701 | "Great Fires" and Epidemics | Developed professional firefighting departments, public health departments | |
| 638265681 | Alice Hamilton | Investigator for the Bureau of Labor, dealt with air/water pollution, and workplace pollution | |
| 638265682 | Public Health Service | Created in 1912 to work to reduce workplace pollution | |
| 638265683 | Urban poverty | Believed to be the poor's fault, philanthropists attempted to solve problem, but failed | |
| 638944702 | Police forces | Professional police forces developed due to the rising rates of crime in the cities | |
| 638265701 | Theodore Dreiser | Reformer, wrote "Sister Carrie" in response to exploitation of the poor | |
| 638265684 | Political machine | Mobilizes immigrant voting power by providing patronage and services | |
| 638265685 | William M. Tweed | "Boss" Tweed of Tammany Hall, famous boss of New York City | |
| 638265687 | White collar workers | Middle class professionals who saw gains in income and living quality | |
| 638944703 | Canned food, mass produced clothing, fashion | Examples of new consumerism | |
| 638944704 | Mail-order catalog | Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck were competitors, distributed catalogs | |
| 638944705 | Marshall Field's department store | Glamorous, efficient, and all-inclusive department stores were extremely popular | |
| 638265688 | National Consumers League | Used women's buying power to attempt to improve wages and conditions | |
| 638265690 | Leisure time | No longer derided as for the lazy, but a time deserved by everyone. Often spent at places such as Coney Island, movies, Central Park, etc. | |
| 638265691 | Spectator sports | Baseball, football, basketball, boxing - gambling | |
| 638265692 | Vaudeville | Open to black performers, form of theater | |
| 638265693 | D. W. Griffith | Innovative racist American filmmaker of the early twentieth century, created epic silent films | |
| 638265694 | Saloons | Ethnically specific political centers, sometimes criminal | |
| 638265695 | Anti-Saloon League | National organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition | |
| 638944706 | 4th of July | Whites/Blacks, North/South celebrated differently, but was a national day of leisure | |
| 638265696 | Dime novels | Cheap adventure/moral uplift/romance books specifically appealing to children | |
| 638265698 | Mass communication trends | Growth of national newspaper chains (Hearst vs Pulitzer) and magazines | |
| 638265699 | American Literature of the early 20th century | Mostly negative regarding consumerism, affluence, divide between rich and poor | |
| 638265703 | Upton Sinclair | United States writer, exposed meatpacking practice in "The Jungle" | |
| 638265706 | Ashcan School | Expressed social realities of the era and the grim aspects of modern life - began modernism | |
| 638265707 | Social Darwinism | Used by industrialists to justify social inequity | |
| 638265708 | Pragmatism | Reliance not on tradition but on scientific testing | |
| 638265709 | Growth of public schooling | Rural areas lagged behind urban/industrial ones, blacks excluded | |
| 638265710 | Carlisle Indian School | Failed attempt to forcibly integrate Native American children | |
| 638265711 | Morrill Land Grant Act | Public universities established using federal land | |
| 638265712 | Women's colleges | Created distinctive women's community, created generation of female leaders |
