Key Terms from the quiz
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| 281926963 | Irish | In 1840-1850 there was an increase of immigrants to America due to a potato feline in Ireland. The Irish were typically illiterate and poor. They took up jobs such as being domestic servants and construction workers. Many were Roman Catholics which caused friction with the Protestant Americans. Due to Americans moving westward and immigrants coming into ester ports, the immigrants worked in the factories. Because there were so many of them coming into the country, politicians targeted them for their vote by offering them offices and direct participation which slowly moved the Irish up the social and government ladder. | 0 | |
| 281926964 | Germans | In 1830-1860, there was an increase of German immigrants to America, although there weren't as many as the Irish. The immigrating Germans were escaping from political troubles in their own country. Typically, Germans were wealthier than the Irish and brought over more possessions. They wanted to preserve their same traditions and culture so Germans tended to live in tight-knit communities in western land. Some of their influences on Americans are introducing Kindergarten and rifles to the country. German politicians (48ers) also came to America to escape persecution in Germany. | 1 | |
| 281926965 | Samuel Slater | "Father of the factory system" 1791 He was a British mechanic who came to America to create the 1st American machinery that efficiently spun cotton into thread | 2 | |
| 281926966 | Eli Whitney | 1793 - Cotton gin His cotton gin invention was able to efficiently separate the seeds from the cotton fibers. This revived the slavery system 1798 - Interchangeable parts His idea became the basis of modern mass-production | 3 | |
| 281926967 | Elias Howe | 1846 - Sewing Machine This invention boosted Northern industrialization and drove women into factories | 4 | |
| 281926968 | Samuel Morse | 1844 - Telegraph He strung a cable from Washington to Baltimore (40 miles) and typed the message "What hath God wrought" | 5 | |
| 281926969 | John Deere | 1837 - Steel Plow Before this invention, farmers used wood plows. But, the steel plow was lighter, sharper, more effective, and had the ability to be pulled by horses instead of oxen. | 6 | |
| 281926970 | Cyrus McCormick | 1830s - Mechanical Mower-Reaper His mower-reaper is considered the best invention. It turned small farmers into businessmen and turned farms into large-scale, cash-crop agricultural productions. It promoted western movement for more land to cultivate and also benefitted the South and East's productions. The agricultural market boosted by the reaper was considered the "dream of markets elsewhere" | 7 | |
| 281926971 | Commonwealth vs Hunt | This case determined that labor unions are not illegal conspiracies and their methods are "honorable and peaceful". (Massachusetts Supreme Court) | 8 | |
| 282215226 | Catherine Beecher | The daughter of a preacher, she urged women to enter the teaching profession (then dominated by men) | 9 | |
| 282215227 | Lowell, Massachusetts | A Boston Associates textile mill, considered a showplace factory. "Factory girls" worked here. They were heavily supervised, escorted everywhere, and absolutely No Unions permitted | 10 | |
| 282215228 | Lancaster Turnpike | 1790s A 62 mile highway stretching from Philadelphia to Lancaster. It boosted Philadelphia's trade and promoted western development | 11 | |
| 282215229 | National Road/Cumberland Road | Completed in 1852 A 591 mile highway from West Maryland to Vandalla, Illinois | 12 | |
| 282215230 | Robert Fulton | A painter and engineer who created the first steamboat, the Clermont or "Fulton's Folly". In 1807, the Clermont travelled 150 miles up the Hudson River in 32 hours. Now, Americans could defy the wind and currents. Rivers now turned into 2-way highways and it opened up the West and South trading with this inexpensive way to transport goods | 13 | |
| 282215231 | DeWitt Clinton | The New York governor who built the Erie Canal (36 miles) in 1817-1825. This decreased the cost of imported goods. | 14 | |
| 282215232 | Cyrus Field | "The greatest wire puller in history" In 1858, he laid a cable under the Atlantic Ocean from America to Newfoundland and Ireland. Even though it didn't last long, in 1866 a permanent wire replaced it and linked Europe and America forever. | 15 | |
| 282215233 | Unitarian Faith | It was mix of Deism and the Puritans. They believed: that God was only one person, in the essential goodness of human nature, in free will, and a possibility of salvation can be achieved through good works. They also believed in God as their loving Father, and in rationalism&optimism versus God as a stern creator, and in the theories of predestination and human depravity | 16 | |
| 282215234 | Thomas Paine | 1794 His book The Age of Reason promoted Deism and claimed all churches are just there to terrify the people, enslave mankind, and they monopolized power and profit | 17 | |
| 282215235 | Charles Grandison Finney | He is considered the greatest revival speaker. His "bell voice" demonstrated his powerful speaking and messages. He promoted the idea of an "anxious bench" and encouraged women to pray in public. He was the president of Oberlin College in Ohio and did not drink alcohol or encourage slavery. | 18 | |
| 282215236 | Joseph Smith | He founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints (Mormons). This religion was highly controversial because of their practicing of polygamy. In 1844 Joseph Smith and his brother were murdered | 19 | |
| 282215237 | Brigham Young | When Joseph Smith died, he took over as leader of the Mormons. He moved them to Utah and was the territorial governor in 1850. | 20 | |
| 282215238 | Horace Mann | He campaigned for better school houses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, and an expanded curriculum. | 21 | |
| 282215239 | Mary Lyon | She established the first school for women, the Mount Holyoke Seminary (later College) in South Hadley, Massachusetts | 22 | |
| 282215240 | Dorothea Dix | She advocated for better conditions and specialized care (instead of prison) for the mentally ill in 1843. | 23 | |
| 282215241 | Maine Law of 1851 | The mayor of Maine, Neal S. Dow ("Father of Prohibition"), prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol to get rid of the temptation | 24 | |
| 282215242 | Lucretia Mott | She was a Quaker women's rights movement reformist. She attended the 1840 Antislavery Convention | 25 | |
| 282215243 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | She advocated for women's suffrage. And refused to have the word "obey" in her marriage ceremony | 26 | |
| 282215244 | Seneca Falls, New York | This was the meeting place for fighting feminists in the 1848 Women's Rights Convention. They enforced that the Declaration of Independence applied to ALL (men and women). The women demanded the right to vote. | 27 | |
| 282215245 | Robert Owen | He created New Harmony, a utopian community in New Harmony, Indiana | 28 | |
| 282215246 | Oneida Community | This utopian community practiced complex marriage, birth control and selective breeding. It lasted 30 years. | 29 | |
| 282215247 | Shakers | This was the longest utopian community ironically because it prohibited marriage and sexual relations. Its mother was Ann Lee. It lasted until 1940 | 30 | |
| 282215248 | Washington Irving | A part of the Knickerbocker group and the 1st American to win international recognition as a literary figure (1st general writer) | 31 | |
| 282215249 | James Fenimore Cooper | A member of the Knickerbocker group and the 1st American novelist. His adventure stories expressed the viability and destiny of American republican experiment. It contrasted "natural men" and wooded wilderness children with the artificiality of modern civilization | 32 | |
| 282215250 | Walt Whitman | He was a Transcendentalist writer. In 1855 he wrote Leaves of Grass. Theses poems were romantic, emotional and unconventional discussing racy topics. Some places banned his writing. | 33 | |
| 282215251 | Edgar Allen Poe | He was a Dark Romantic writer; writing of horror and the supernatural. Most of his works were not appreciated until later after of his death. Some of his short stories include "The Raven" and "The Gold Bug" | 34 | |
| 282215252 | Herman Melville | In 1851 he wrote Moby Dick which did not become famous until after his death. | 35 |
