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APUSH Ch. 18 Review Flashcards

AP US History
American Pageant 13th Ed.
Chapter 18 Review
(Vocab + Questions)
Also used:
http://wikinotes.wikidot.com/chapter-18-13

Terms : Hide Images
108955898Election of 1848Lewis Cass (Democrat who support popular sovereignty) vs. Zachary Taylor (Whig party); Taylor won
108955899popular sovereigntythe people of a territory should decide and issue for themselves
108955900Zachary TaylorWhig Party candidate in the election of 1848
108955901Lewis CassDemocratic Party candidate in the election of 1848
108955902Sutter's MillWhere gold was first discovered in 1848; marked the beginning of the Gold Rush
108955903Result of the Gold RushCalifornia had enough people to become a state
108955904Fugitive Slave Law"round up" runaways up North and ship them back South
108955905Underground Railroada secret route from "station to station" that led many slaves to the North and eventually to Canada
108955906Harriet Tubmanmost well-known "conductor" of the "railroad;" snuck back into the South 19 times and led some 300+ slaves to freedom
108955907Henry Claythe "Great Compromiser;" offered a compromise for the California slavery issue
108955908John C. Calhounargued for the South and for states' rights; wanted slavery to be left alone, the runaway slaves to be returned to the South, and state balance kept intact
108955909Daniel Websterargued for the North; opposed to slavery's expansion
108955910Seventh of MarchIn this speech, Webster urged the North to compromise on the issue of California slavery
108955911William H. SewardChief among the Young Guard; staunchly against slavery Said Americans must follow "higher law"
108955912higher lawGod's law, above the Constitution
108955913Millard FillmoreTook over for President Taylor when he died (was Taylor's VP)
108955914Compromise of 1850North: • California admitted as a free state • Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico • Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legal South: • Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands • Texas was paid $10 million for land lost • A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
108955915Election of 1852Franklin Pierce (Democrat) vs Winfield Scott (Whig); Pierce won landslide
108955916Franklin PierceDemocratic candidate in the election of 1852; was not a great leader, but had no enemies
108955917Winfield ScottWhig candidate in election of 1852 Nicknamed "Old Fuss and Feathers"
108955918Free Soil PartyParty that garnered 5% of the Northern vote
108955919Clayton-Bulwer TreatyTreaty that erased U.S. and British tensions and said neither the U.S. or Britain would take over the area without the other's agreement
108955920slavocracya conspiracy theory where the South was supposedly always seeking to add new slave lands
108955921William Walkertried to take over Nicaragua in 1856
108955922Ostend Manifestosaid the U.S. would offer $120 million for Cuba, and if Spain rejected it, the U.S. would be justified in taking Cuba by force
108955923Black WarriorAmerican ship seized by Cuba
108955924Caleb CushingSent by President Tyler to China to work a favorable deal to the U.S.
108955925Commodore Mathhew Perrygot Japan to open itself to trade in the Treaty of Kanagawa
108955926Treaty of KanagawaPerry got Japan to open up to U.S. to trade
108955927James Gadsdensent to Mexico to work a deal for the land
108955928Gadsden Purchasebought the southern chunk of present Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million
108955929Stephen Douglasthrew a wrench in the railroad plans
108955930Kansas-Nebraska Actproposed to organize Kansas and Nebraska and move the transcontinental railroad up north
110221080self-determinationIn politics, the right of a people to assert its own national identity or form of government without outside influence
110221081homesteadA family home or farm with buildings and land sufficient for survival
110221082vigilante Concerning groups that claim to punish crime and maintain order without legal authority to do so
110221083sanctuaryplace of refuge or protection, where people are safe from punishment by the law
110221084fugitiveA person who flees from danger or prosecution
110221085topographyThe precise surface features and details of a place - for example, rivers, bridges, hills - inrelation to one another
110221086mundaneBelonging to this world, as opposed to the spiritual world
110221087statecraftThe art of government leadership
110221088isthmianConcerning a narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land
110221089filibusteringAdventurers who conduct a private war against a foreign country
110221090mikadoA title of the Japanese emperor used by foreigners
110221091cloak-and-daggerConcerning the activities of spies or undercover agents, especially involving elaborate deceptions
110221092manifestoA proclamation or document aggressively asserting a controversial position or advocating a daring course of action
110221093boosterOne who promotes a person or enterprise, especially in a highly enthusiastic way
110221094truceA temporary suspension of warfare by agreement of the hostile parties
110279227Stephen A. DouglasIllinois politician who helped smooth over sectional conflict in 1850 but then reignited it in 1854
110279228Franklin PierceWeak Democratic president hose pro-soutthern cabinet pushed aggresive expansionist schemes
110279229District of ColumbiaPlace wehre the slave trade was ended by the Compromise of 1850
110279230Fire-eatersHotheaded southern agitators who pushed for southern interests and favored secession from the Union
110279231Mason-Dixon lineThe boundary line between slave and free states in the East, originally the southern border of Pennsylvania
110279232Clayton-Bulwer TreatyAn agreement between Britain and America concerning any future Central American canal
110279233Ostend ManifestoA top-secret dispatch, drawn up by American diplomats in Europe, that detailed a plan for seizing Cuba from Spain
110279234Missouri CompromiseThe sectional agreement of 1820, repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act
110279235Democratic (Party)The political party that was deeply divided by Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act
110279236Republican (Party)A new political party organized as a protest against the Kansas-Nebraska Act
110279237Whig (Party)The conflict over slavery after the election of 1852 led shortly to the death of this party
110279238The NorthThe greatest winner in the Compromise of 1850
110279239CaliforniaUnder the terms of the Compromise of 1850, the state that was admitted as a free state
110279240Utah and New MexicoUnder the terms of the Compromise of 1850, the states that slavery was left up to popular sovereignty
110279241Henry Clay and Daniel WebsterThe two notable advocates of compromise in the controversy over slavery in 1850
110279242Daniel WebsterDuring the debate over the Compromise of 1850, northern antislavery forces were particularly outraged by what they considered the "betrayal" of this senator
110279919Kansas-NebraskaAct wrecked the Compromise of 1850 and created deep divisions within the Democratic Party.

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