Terms : Hide Images
| 147858303 | William Seward | Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia in 1867. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price. | |
| 147858304 | Napoleon III | Nephew of Napoleon I and emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871 (1808-1873). He helped Italy drive out Austria from parts of its land. | |
| 147858305 | "new imperialism" | Historians' term for the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers, the United States, and Japan, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories | |
| 147858306 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy (wrote, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History) | |
| 147858307 | Josiah Strong | author of Our Country, on Anglo-Saxon superiority; a popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas | |
| 147858308 | Pan American Conference | 1889 - Meeting organized by James Blaine to establish closer ties b/n US and its neighbors. Representatives from many western hemisphere countries decided to create a permanent organization for international cooperation on trade and other issues. | |
| 147858309 | James Blaine | Benjamin Harrison's secretary of state and played an important role in the Pan-American Conference. The charming and popular man was the Republican nominee for president in 1884 who lost to Grover Cleveland. His candidacy was hurt by charges of corruption with the railroads exposed in the Mulligan letters. | |
| 147858310 | Richard Olney | Attorney General of the U.S., he obtained an active injunction that state union members couldn't stop the movement of trains. He moved troops in to stop the Pullman strike. | |
| 147858311 | Venezuela Boundary dispute | An issue between Venezuela and the neighbouring territory, the British colony of Guiana. Fixed when Olney and Cleveland convinced Britain to arbitrate. | |
| 147858312 | jingoism | fanatical patriotism | |
| 147858313 | Valeriano Weyler | General sent by Spain to stop Cuban revolt, referred to as the "Butcher" because of harsh tactics "concentration camps, shooting civilian, ect.) | |
| 147858314 | yellow journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | |
| 147858315 | Spanish-American War | In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence | |
| 147858316 | De Lôme Letter | Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898. | |
| 147858317 | the Maine | An explosion from a mine in the Bay of Havanna crippled the warship Maine. The U.S. blamed Spain for the incident and used it as an excuse to go to war with Spain. | |
| 147858318 | Teller Amendment | Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war | |
| 147858319 | George Dewey | a United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War | |
| 147858320 | Theodore Roosevelt | Leader of Rough Riders, Vice President and very famous President, 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War | |
| 147858321 | Rough Riders | volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War | |
| 147858322 | Philippine annexation | A treaty ratified on Feb. 6, 1899 guaranteed this. The anti-imperialists fell just two votes short of defeating this treaty. | |
| 147858323 | Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. | |
| 147858324 | Anti-Imperialist League | objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. | |
| 147858325 | insular cases | Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens. | |
| 147858326 | Platt Amendment | 1901 - Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble | |
| 147858327 | John Hay | Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal | |
| 147858328 | spheres of influence | areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China) | |
| 147858329 | Open Door policy | A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. | |
| 147858330 | xenophobia | an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers | |
| 147858331 | Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops | |
| 147858332 | big-stick policy | Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen | |
| 147858333 | Hay-Pauncefote Treaty | 1901 - permission granted by Panama for the US to dig a canal; permitted by the British in order to make friends with US in hope of future support against Germany; negociated under Roosevelt ; greatly facilitated trade | |
| 147858334 | Panama Canal | a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914) | |
| 147858335 | George Goethals | United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal (1858-1928) | |
| 147858336 | William Gorgas | Army physician who helped eradicate Yellow Fever and Malaria from Panama so work on the Panama Canal could proceed | |
| 147858337 | Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force | |
| 147858338 | Santo Domingo | the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic | |
| 147858339 | Russo-Japanese War | A conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. | |
| 147858340 | Treaty of Portsmouth | (1905) ended the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). It was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, after negotiations brokered by Theodore Roosevelt (for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize). | |
| 147858341 | gentleman's agreement | an informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would not allow further immigration to the U.S. | |
| 147858342 | great white fleet | 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." | |
| 147858343 | Root-Takahira Agreement | 1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China. | |
| 147858344 | Algeciras Conference | 1906 - International conference called to deal with the Moroccan question. French get Morocco, Germany gets nothing, isolated. Result is U.S, Britain, France, Russia see Germany as a threat. | |
| 147858345 | William Howard Taft | 27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term. | |
| 147858346 | dollar diplomacy | Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries | |
| 147858347 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations | |
| 147858348 | Lodge Corollary | A corollary to the Monroe Doctrine proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge and ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1912 forbidding any foreign power or foreign interest of any kind to acquire sufficient territory in the Western Hemisphere so as to put that government in "practical power of control". | |
| 147858349 | Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize | |
| 147858350 | moral diplomacy | foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace | |
| 147858351 | Jones Act | 1916, Promised Philippine independence. Given freedom in 1917, their economy grew as a satellite of the U.S. Filipino independence was not realized for 30 years. | |
| 147858352 | Mexican Civil War | Fransisco Villa, a dictator, rose to power in Mexico. The USA Attempted and failed his capture. | |
| 147858353 | Victoriano Huerta | He ruthlessly seized power in Mexico in 1913. President Wilson objected to his murderous methods and refused to extend diplomatic recognition to his government. He abdicated in 1914. | |
| 147858354 | Tampico incident | In April 1914, some U.S. sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico. President Wilson used the incident to send U.S. troops into northern Mexico. His real intent was to unseat the Huerta government there. After the Niagara Falls Conference, Huerta abdicated and the confrontation ended. | |
| 147858355 | ABC powers | The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914. | |
| 147858356 | Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor. | |
| 147858357 | Venustiano Carranza | (1859-1920) Mexican revolutionist and politician; he led forces against Vitoriano Huerta during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). | |
| 147858358 | expeditionary force | name given to American troops sent to foreign countries | |
| 147858359 | John J. Pershing | US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him |
