Terms : Hide Images
| 315211175 | Wade-Davis Bill | an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh. | |
| 315211176 | Morrill Tariff | imports and excise taxes place on manufactures and the practice of nearly every profession in order to help fund the civil war | |
| 315211177 | Pacific Railroad Act | Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America connecting California and the rest of America. | |
| 315211178 | Civil Rights Act 1866 | Passed by Congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition. | |
| 315211179 | 13th Amend | abolished slavery | |
| 315211180 | 14th Amend | define citizenship to include blacks, not women, reject Confed debt and Confed leaders. | |
| 315211181 | 15th Amend | African-Amercan right to vote | |
| 315211182 | Thaddeus Stevens | Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. He and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican | |
| 315211183 | Reconstruction Act | It divided the South into 5 military districts, each commanded by a union general and policed by Union soldiers. It also required that states wishing to be re-admitted into the Union had to ratify the 14th Amendment, and that states' constitutions had to allow former adult male slaves to vote. | |
| 315211184 | Ex Parte Milligan | can't try a person in military tribunal when civil court open/ civil case. Blacks couldn't serve on jurry-unjust trial therefore wanted tribunal. Mary Saraut was an exception- after she died enforced concept that must try in civil court. | |
| 315211185 | Hiram Revels | first black senator | |
| 315211186 | Scalawags | southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction | |
| 315211187 | Carpetbaggers | northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction | |
| 315211188 | Tenure of Office Act | 1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican, Edwin M Stanton, from his cabinet | |
| 315211189 | Samuel Tilden | attorney against Boss Tweed, Demo nom for electon of 1876 | |
| 315211190 | Horace Greeley | nomination from Liberal Republican Party | |
| 315211191 | Liberal Republican Party | Reform party devoted to rebuilding the Republican party away from Grant, nominating Horace Greeley in 1872. | |
| 315211192 | Ohio Idea | pro soft money; redemption of war bonds with greenbacks; hard money won. Poor want soft money, rich want hard money; Horatio Seymour creator of idea | |
| 315211193 | Horatio Seymour | Ohio Idea; Demo candinate vs. Grant 1st term, | |
| 315211194 | General Amnesty Act 1872 | Grant removes all political disabilities from most Confed leaders | |
| 315211195 | Resumption Act 1875 | withdrawl of greenbacks; poor now push for silver that also not pass, reduce cash circulation but increase credit; sparks Greenback Labour Party | |
| 315211196 | Bland-Allison Act | 1878 law that required the federal government to purchase and coin more silver, increasing the money supply and causing inflation following the 1873 panic; congress overode Hayes' veto. | |
| 315211197 | Greenback Labour Party | pro soft money | |
| 315211198 | Stalwart faction | led by Roscoe Conkling; anti-Rutherford and pro 3-term Grant | |
| 315211199 | half-breeds | led by James Blaine; anti-Stalwart, liked merit system | |
| 315211200 | Compromise 1877 | Hayes becomes prez (and not pop. Tilden) as long as reconstruction formally ends (+ pay for transcontinental *not happen) | |
| 315211201 | Civil Rights Act 1875 | last attempt by radical reps for equality. Needs to be equality in public places and no racial discrimination in juries: impossible to enforce. | |
| 315211202 | Sharecroppers | way to keep ex-slaves in perpetual debt/ work to white man | |
| 315211203 | Hayes-Tilden Standoff | Hayes vs. Tilden in election 1876. Looks like Tilden's going to win- need 1 state out of 3 southern states remaining but bc of reconstruction, vote come in weird- make Electoral Count Act to decide how to count. Reps have one more representative- demo threat to cause trouble if Hayes prez- come to compromise of 1877 | |
| 315211204 | Crop-lien system | system of sharecroppers | |
| 315211205 | Crime of 1873 | use hardback money (gold) and reduce circulation of greenbacks. | |
| 315211206 | Mary Saraut | mother of co-conspiritor of Booth. Tried in tribunal in attempt to get son to come out. She was convicted and sent to death. Thought to have known of plot to kill Lincoln | |
| 315211207 | Antabellum | pre-Civil War South | |
| 315211208 | Freedman's Buearu | Radical Reps attempt to protect southern blacks. Welfare agency, Education reform. A. Johnson kept vetoing attempts to help. Headed by Oliver O Howard | |
| 315211209 | Charles Sumner | Radical Republican, anti-slavery, led radicals in senate, pro black freedom and equality, caned by Preston Brooks prior to Civil War, | |
| 315211210 | American Missionary Association | sent white female teacher to educate southern blacks. | |
| 315211211 | Oliver O. Howard | headed Freedman's Buearu | |
| 315211212 | Andrew Johnson | 17th prez, sympathy to south and poor whites, VP bc Lincoln needed to balance the ticket and attract some War Democrats, only S senator to stay in Union during secession | |
| 315211213 | Ulysses S Grant | 18th prez. Great Civil War General, polt sphere plagued by scandals, too trusting of people/ spoils sytem. During Guilded Age | |
| 315211214 | Rutherford B Hayes | 19th prez, only qualification = from Ohio, vs. Tilden in election, ended reconstruction, 1 term | |
| 315211215 | James Garfield | 20th president, Republican, assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau | |
| 315211216 | Chester Arthur | 21st prez, anti-fraud and anti-spoils system, merit (half-breed idea), | |
| 315211217 | Union League | a pro Union/ Republican organization in the North and was assisted by northern blacks; built black churches and schools and fought to protect black communities from white retaliation | |
| 315211218 | Edwin M Stanton | Sec of War from Lincoln's Cabinate that A. Johnson fired thereby violating the Tenure of Office Act. | |
| 315211219 | contraction | policy of reduction of greenbacks and accumulating gold for Redemtion Day | |
| 315211220 | Redemtion Day | (1879) return currency to all gold | |
| 315211221 | Rep-Puritan v Demo-Lutheran/Catholic | Puritans = stricter code of ethics- gov should guide moral code of god | |
| 315211222 | Roscoe Conkling | head of Stalwart faction | |
| 315211223 | James Blaine | head of half-breeds | |
| 315211224 | Electoral Count Act 1877 | Set up an electoral commission of fifteen men selected by the Senate, which ended up selecting the Republican electoral returns in a partisan vote. The verdict was accepted on the condition that Hayes withdraw federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina. | |
| 315211225 | Irish | lots of cheap immigrants, pitted against Chinese for labour | |
| 315211226 | Chinese | come to CA to work, layed railroads for little money, many from K'uang-'tuang district of S China, no family in USA = harder to assimilate | |
| 315211227 | Denis Kearney | Irish man, anti-Chinese (job competition), led to lots of violence | |
| 315211228 | Chinese Exclusion Act | until 1943, prohibits any more Chinese immigrants | |
| 315211229 | Charles J Guiteau | shot Garfield | |
| 315211230 | Pendelton Act | illegal for compulsary campaign contributions, Civil Service Commision established. During Arthur prez | |
| 315211231 | Civil Service Commision | a group of people who make tests to see who is best fit for a job; part of Pendelton Act | |
| 315211232 | Panic of 1873 | econ crisis due to overspeculation of goods and real estate, reduction of greenbacks makes harder on debtors/ poor | |
| 315211233 | US vs Wong Kim Ark (1898) | citizenship to those born here (under 14th Amend)- can't kick Chinese out | |
| 315211234 | Grand Army of the Republic | pensions were given to undeserving "soldiers"; under Grover | |
| 315211235 | Coinage Act of 1873 | Gold became the only metallic standard; Crime of 1873 | |
| 315211236 | Civil Rights Case 1883 | only government must uphold civil rights; individuals free to discriminate | |
| 315211237 | The 5 railways | Union Pacific Railroad Central Pacific Railroad Northern Pacific Railroad Southern Pacific Railroad Leland Stanford | |
| 315211238 | Cornelius Vanderbuilt | railroad tycoon Father to William H., "Damned the people" | |
| 315211239 | Pullman Palace Cars | "gorgeous traveling hotels" / "wheeled torture chambers" "improvement" to railroads | |
| 315211240 | Time Zomes | standardizes time so that trains could run on time | |
| 315211241 | Stock Watering | promoters exaggerationg the profitability of stocks in excess of its actual value | |
| 315211242 | The Grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | |
| 315211243 | Wabash Case | 1886 supreme court case that decreed that individual states had no power to regulate interstate commerce | |
| 315211244 | Interstate Commerece Act | reastablished federal government's right to regulate railroad, need to publish rates, no rebates, no unfair discrimination of haul length, set up Interstate Commission | |
| 315211245 | Interstate Commission | government agency organized to oversee railroad commerce | |
| 315211246 | Alexander Graham Bell | telephone | |
| 315211247 | Thomas Edison | lightbulb | |
| 315211248 | Andrew Carnegie | US Steel Co, donated a lot of his money, vertical integration | |
| 315211249 | John D Rockefeller | Established the Standard Oil Company, monopoly; horizontal integration | |
| 315211250 | vertical integration | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distributio; Carnegie style | |
| 315211251 | horizontal integration | John D Rockefeller style , the ally with competing firms in order to monoplyze | |
| 315211252 | Standard Oil | Established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller | |
| 315211253 | Trusts | a business entity formed with the intent to monopolize buisness, restrain trade, or fix prices. | |
| 315211254 | JP Morgan | banker, interlocking directorates, bought US Steel Co | |
| 315211255 | interlocking directorates | place officer from own company on the board of another (JP Morgan Style) | |
| 315211256 | United States Steel Company | First billion dollar corporation started by Carnegie but sold to JP Morgan | |
| 315211257 | Gospel of Wealth | God gives people their wealth- they are entrusted with this responsibility to good with such power (Carnegie) | |
| 315211258 | Social Darwinism | rich people have earned their wealth- are more adapt at their trade and thereby are sucessful. Poor people are poor because they aren't smart enough/ didn't try. Also ties into evolutionary ideas. | |
| 315211259 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | first federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | |
| 315211260 | Gibson Girl | ... | |
| 315211261 | Knights of Labor | union for unskilled and skilled; not works so well bc when unskilled strike, easy to replace | |
| 315211262 | Haymarket Square | ... | |
| 315211263 | American Federation of Labor | union for skilled workers; founded by Samuel Gompers | |
| 315211264 | Samuel Gompers | founder of American Federation of Labor | |
| 315211265 | Skyscrapers | tall city buildings, Louis Sullivan | |
| 315211266 | Dumbbell Tenements | crampt living spaces, designed to fit more houses per space | |
| 315211267 | New Immigration | The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Came from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans. | |
| 315211268 | Social Gospel | the idea that churches should address social issues, practical aplication of Christianity | |
| 315211269 | Jane Adams | Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English. | |
| 315211270 | Hull House | welfare centre for new immigrants (mainly women and children). Edu, safe house, ect; thanks to Jane Addams | |
| 315211271 | Henry Street Settlement | The settlement houses became centers of women's activism and of social reform; 1st public health nursing practice staffed by both nurses and social workers. (Due to Lillian Wald) | |
| 315211272 | Florence Kelly | helped persuade to prohibit child labor and limit number of hours women were forced to work, founded national child labor committe | |
| 315211273 | American Protective Association | An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration | |
| 315211274 | Dwight Moody | Made the Moody Bible Institute. Helped generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity into city life. Protestant (one of the few to adapt to new type of life) | |
| 315211275 | Salvation Army | This welfare organization came to the US from England and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality. | |
| 315211276 | Mary Baker Eddy | She founded the Church of Christ. Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. Wrote a widely purchased book, "Science and Health". | |
| 315211277 | YMCA/ YWCA | Founded in London by George Williams; putting Christian principles into practice, achieved by developing "a healthy spirit, mind and body". It helped industrial workers and the urban poor by providing positive activities. | |
| 315211278 | Chautauqua Movement | One of the first adult education programs | |
| 315211279 | Booker T Washington | earn equality through economic/ personal sucess and respect | |
| 315211280 | Tuskegee Institute | Booker T Washington founded; edu black children | |
| 315211281 | George Washington Carver | botanist who taught at the Tuskegee Inst. | |
| 315211282 | William E B DuBois | recieve equality by demanding rights; founded National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People | |
| 315211283 | National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People | school that DeBois founded, Niagra movement | |
| 315211284 | Hatch Act | extending the Morrill Tariff Act, provided federal funds for teh estb of agricult in connection with land grant colleges | |
| 315211285 | William James | Pragmatism; truth upheld by practical consequences | |
| 315211286 | Yellow Journalism | sensationalist journalism | |
| 315211287 | Joseph Pulitzer | creator of the "New York World;"cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism | |
| 315211288 | William Randolph Hearst | United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951) | |
| 315211289 | Lewis Wallace | Wrote Ben Hur, against Darwinism | |
| 315211290 | Jack London | A young California writer and adventurer who portrayed the conflict between nature and civilization in his novels. | |
| 315211291 | National American Woman Suffrage Association | ..., militant suffragist organization founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony | |
| 315211292 | Ida B Wells | African American Women activist who lead the anti-lynching act | |
| 315211293 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | led by Fances E Willard and Carrie A Nation. Anti-alcohal. Ban in many states. Led to 18th amend which outlawed the drink temporarily. | |
| 315211294 | American Red Cross | A disaster relief organization founded by Clara Barton to aid US military and conduct peace time relief work. | |
| 315211295 | Clara Barton | Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross | |
| 315211296 | Cyrus Field | set up transcontinent telegraph | |
| 315211297 | Morrill Act 1862 | land grants to education (most becamstate universities) | |
| 315211298 | Leland Stanford | United States railroad executive and founder of Stanford University (1824-1893); drove the golden spike into the ground, thereby connecting the transcontinental railroad (Central Pacific and Union Pacific) |
