AP US History
American Pageant 13th Ed.
Chapter 23 Review
(Vocab + Questions)
Also used:
http://wikinotes.wikidot.com/chapter-23-13
Terms : Hide Images
| 123642797 | Ulysses S. Grant | Republican candiate for the Election of 1868 | |
| 123642798 | Horatio Seymour | Democratic candidate for the Election of 1868 | |
| 123642799 | (Jim) Fisk and (Jay) Gould | attempted to corner the gold market by making sure no gold was being drawn out so the value of gold could rise | |
| 123642800 | Boss Tweed | used bribes, graft, and rigged elections to mooch money and ensure continual power for himself and his buddies | |
| 123740316 | Tammany Hall | a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism | |
| 123740317 | Thomas Nast | cartoonist who relentlessly attacked Tweed's corruption | |
| 123740318 | Samuel Tilden | Democratic nominee for president in 1876, loses narrowly; became popular by prosecuting Tweed | |
| 123740319 | Crédit Mobilier (scandal) | a scandal that formed when a group of Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed a construction company and then hired themselves to build the railroad with inflated wages; they bribed several congressmen and the vice president to keep the scandal from going public | |
| 123740320 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials who imported a specific good and used their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars | |
| 123740321 | William Belknap | Secretary of War who resigned after pocketing bribes from suppliers to the Indian reservations; was caught swindling $24,000 by selling trinkets to the Indians | |
| 123740322 | Liberal Republican (Party) | Party started by reformers in 1872 to "clean things up" | |
| 123740323 | Horace Greeley | editor of the New York Tribune and was nominated by the Liberal Republican Party for the 1872 election | |
| 123740324 | Panic of 1873 | Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver) | |
| 123746694 | soft money | strategy where debtors wanted paper money ("greenbacks") printed to create inflation and thus make it easier to pay off debts | |
| 123746695 | Resumption Act | It pledged the withdrawal of greenbacks from circulation and the redemption of all paper money in gold | |
| 123746696 | Greenback Labor Party | Party started in 1878 with the main mission of bringing cheap money policies to life; supported mostly by farmers | |
| 123746697 | Gilded Age | 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor | |
| 123746698 | Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) | military veteran group that supported Republicans | |
| 123746699 | Stalwarts | A faction of the Republican party in the ends of the 1800s Supported the political machine and patronage. Conservatives who hated civil service reform. | |
| 123746700 | Roscoe Conkling | a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party | |
| 123746701 | Half-Breeds | Favored tariff reform and social reform, major issues from the Democratic and Republican parties. They did not seem to be dedicated members of either party. | |
| 123746703 | Rutherford Hayes | Republican candidate in election of 1876; was famous for being part of the election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, outcome was decided by Compromise of 1877 | |
| 123746704 | Electoral Count Act | this act set up an electoral commission consisting of 15 people from the senate, house, and supreme court. | |
| 123746705 | Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | |
| 123746706 | sharecroppers | farmed land they didn't own, then paid hefty fees to the landlord come harvest time | |
| 123746707 | Jim Crow laws | The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 | |
| 123746708 | Plessy vs. Ferguson | stated that "separate but equal" facilities for the races were legal | |
| 123746709 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. | |
| 123746710 | James Garfield | Republican nominee in the election of 1880, ran against Winfield Scott (Democrat) | |
| 123746711 | Election of 1880 | James Garfield (Rep.) vs. Winfield Scott (Dem.) Garfield wins | |
| 123746712 | Chester Arthur | A Stalwart who was James Garfield's runningmate | |
| 123746713 | James Blaine | Republican nominee for the election of 1884; he was also the leader of the Half-Breeds | |
| 123746714 | Grover Cleveland | Democratic nominee for the election of 1884 | |
| 123746715 | Election of 1884 | James Blain (Rep.) vs. Grover Cleveland (Dem.) Clevelend wins | |
| 123746716 | Thomas Reed | Nicknamed "The Czar;" when Republicans controlled everything, he was Speaker of the House and he ran the House like a dictator; kept everybody in line | |
| 123746717 | McKinley Tariff | A highly protective tariff passed in 1880; hiked rates to roughly 48% | |
| 123748336 | Populist (People's) Party | political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies | |
| 123748337 | Farmers' Alliance | A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy; felt inflation would make it easier to pay off their debts | |
| 123748338 | initiative | allowed reformers to circumvent state legislatures by submitting new legislature to the voters in general direct election | |
| 123748339 | referendum | the method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. | |
| 123748340 | Depression of 1893 | the first recession or depression during the industrial age | |
| 123748341 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | act passed in 1890 that required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each month for use as currency. | |
| 123748342 | William Jennings Bryan | the foremost spokesman for silver and "cheap money" and a principle figure in the Populist Party | |
| 123748343 | Wilson-Gorman Tariff | Meant to be a reduction of the McKinley Tariff, it would have created a graduated income tax, which was ruled unconstitutional. | |
| 124560462 | Election of 1868 | Ulysses S. Grant (Rep.) vs Horatio Seymour (Dem.) Grant wins | |
| 124561141 | Election of 1876 | Rutherford Hayes (Rep.) vs Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes wins |
