Flashcards for Chapter 2.
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| 945131477 | Jamestown | The first permanent British colony in North America. It was established in eastern Virginia in 1607-8 by the Virginia Company. | 1 | |
| 945131478 | John Smith | A captain famous for world travel. As a young man, he took control in Jamestown. He organized the colony and saved many people from death the next winter. He also initiated attacks on Natives. He was the council president of Jamestown beginning in 1608 | 2 | |
| 945131479 | Virginia Company | Originally the London Company. A joint stock company that was chartered by the Crown. They founded Jamestown and several other colonies in Virginia | 3 | |
| 945131480 | Tobacco | It was introduced to the colonies surrounding the Chesapeake Bay, and it transformed the society there. Tobacco farming required much more land than the colonies in Virginia actually had. The colonists sold the tobacco to the English. | 4 | |
| 945131481 | Headright system | The Virginia wasn't making any money off of the Virginian colonies. In 1618, they launched this system. Headrights were land grants that new settlers each got one headright, which encouraged citizens to move with their families, servants, and slaves. Typically, each headright was fifty acres. | 5 | |
| 945131482 | Indentured Servants | A person who works for a certain amount of time (typically 7 years) under contract in exchange for payment for their passage over the Atlantic Ocean | 6 | |
| 945131483 | Powhatan Indians | an Indian tribe that resisted the English expansion. Thomas Dale led attacks against them for two years and kidnapped the chief's daughter. They attacked first, but were eventually overwhelmed. | 7 | |
| 945131484 | Pocahontas | The kidnapped daughter of the Powhatan chief. Her father wouldn't ransom her and so she became Christian and married John Rolfe. | 8 | |
| 945131485 | Royal Colony | When the Virginia Company became bankrupt, the king revoked its charter and brought the Virginia colony under his control, and it became a Royal Colony. Another example is the colony made in 1729 from the Province of North Carolina. Organized after seven of the original eight Lord Proprietors sold their tracts back to the crown. | 9 | |
| 945131486 | Proprietary Colony | Used solely for the purpose of British rulers staking a claim on more and more land. | 10 | |
| 945131487 | Charter Colony | Formed when the crown gives a charter to a deserving citizen. Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay were charter colonies | 11 | |
| 945131488 | Bacon's Rebellion | Led by Nathaniel Bacon. He and his group of rebels were dissatisfied with their representation in the government, among other things. The rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful and Bacon died during it, but it forced many people to think and led to an increase in slavery so there were less people like the rebels who had no land and were angry with the way things worked | 12 | |
| 945131489 | Plymouth Plantation | Separatists who were dissenters from the Church of England moved to Holland to find freedom, but they didn't find it. They then went to New England and founded Plymouth. | 13 | |
| 945131490 | Mayflower Compact | Established a civil government which was based on majority for the pilgrims in Plymouth. It is named after their boat, the Mayflower. Written by the Puritan Separatists | 14 | |
| 945131491 | William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth over and over again. He convinced the Council for New England to give the people of Plymouth legal permission to live there | 15 | |
| 945131492 | John Winthrop | Wealthy Puritan lawyer. Chosen as Governor of Massachusetts. He was very dominant in politics, and he founded several communities on the MA Bay and the Charles River | 16 | |
| 945131493 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | Founded by the Massachusetts Bay Company; an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century. | 17 | |
| 945131494 | Theocracy | Government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. Massachusetts basically became a theocracy partially because ministers held so much sway on their congregation. | 18 | |
| 945131495 | Roger Williams | A Puritan dissenter in Rhode Island. He wanted Massachusetts to abandon all connections to the Church of England and completely separate church and state. He was banished, and he established the town of Providence. | 19 | |
| 945131496 | Anne Hutchinson | Puritan woman from Boston. She argued that very few of the clergy were of the "elect," and that because of that, they had no authority. She was banished, and she moved into New Netherland and died during an Indian uprising. | 20 | |
| 945131497 | Pequot War | An armed conflict spanning the years 1634-1438 between the Pequot tribe against and alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies who were aided by their Native American allies. This led to King Phillip's War because the Wampanoags believed that only armed resistance could protect them from English incursions into their lands and from the efforts by the colonial governments to impose English law on the natives. | 21 | |
| 945131498 | King Phillip's War | After the Pequot war, the Wampanoags, led by a chief that the settlers called "King Philip," began to rise up against the settlers. The struggle began in 1675 and lasted 3 years. They destroyed 20 Massachusetts towns. The settlers managed to fight back and eventually prevailed, with the aid of the Mohawks, the Wampanoags's enemies. Greatest "war" in 17th century New England. | 22 | |
| 945131499 | English Civil War | King Charles I dissolved parliament and gained the dislike of many of his citizens for his religious views. The war took place between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. It lasted seven years, and the supporters of the king eventually lost. Oliver Cromwell took charge of the country as the protectorate. | 23 | |
| 945131500 | New York Colony | A proprietary colony that was formed during England's restoration period. An English territory that originally included modern day New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Vermont, along with portions of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, and Pennsylvania. Charles II granted the territory to his brother James, the duke of York in 1624. | 24 | |
| 945131501 | Quakers | Society of Friends. Rejected predestination and original sin, unlike the Puritans. They believed that people had to find divinity within them. They founded the Pennsylvania colony. They separated church and state, didn't pay their clergy, and didn't believe in predestination or original sin. | 25 | |
| 945131502 | William Penn | An English real estate entrepreneur. Founder of Pennsylvania. He got a little land on his own and got the rest from his father after his father died. Tried to attract settlers of all types, but founded it around the beliefs of the Quakers, not the Puritans. | 26 | |
| 945131503 | Carolina Colony | A restoration colony. Charles I gave charters to 8 of his court favorites. They reserved estates for themselves and divided the rest up into heardrights. The earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke drew up a constitution for Carolina. 1729, it was divided into north and south. | 27 | |
| 945131504 | Pennsylvania Colony | A restoration colony founded by William Penn and the Quakers on March 4, 1861. Created because of a charter granted by King Charles II. | 28 | |
| 945131505 | Caribbean Colonies | The Caribbean colonies were originally claimed by the Spanish, but they only settled on the larger islands, so the British and the Dutch took some of the others. The islands helped improve to economy of the north American colonies through their participation in the triangular trade. | 29 | |
| 945131506 | Georgia Colony | Founded to create a barrier between the Spanish owned southern land and the Northern British owned land. It was the last of the original 13 colonies, founded by James Oglethorpe on April 21, 1732. | 30 | |
| 945131507 | Navigation Acts | To compete with Dutch trade with the Americas, Britain passed these laws to control trade. They required the colonies' trade to be shipped in British ships, among other things such as restricting foreign trade. The colonists criticized them. | 31 | |
| 945131508 | Dominion of New England | James II had installed a viceroy to watch over New England. When news of the Glorious Revolution reached New England, the colonists "unseated" him; he was arrested, and in doing this, the settlers destroyed the Dominion of New England. The dominion was hard to control in the first place because the area that it covered was so large. | 32 | |
| 945131509 | Glorious Revolution | The bloodless Coup d'état during which James II was dethroned in favor of his protestant daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange. The British people were concerned with James II because he had remarried after having Mary and her sister. His new wife was catholic, and he had a son by her who was also catholic. | 33 | |
| 945131510 | Leisler's Rebellion | Jacob Leisler was a German immigrant who was inspired by the Glorious Revolution to challenge New York leaders. He took control of the southern part of New York and ruled it from 1689-1692. He succeeded for two years, and then was convicted and hanged. Happened in the late 17th century. | 34 | |
| 945131511 | Coode's Rebellion | John Coode rebelled in Maryland in 1689 against the government. He drove out Lord Baltimore's officials in the name of Protestantism. Then the colony became a royal colony, and they banned catholics from voting, holding office, and practicing their religion publically. | 35 |
