APUSH Chapter 11
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| 1027403557 | John Adams | Second President of the United States, a Federalist, refused to let America get into a war with France, raised a navy, allowed the Alien + Sedition Acts to pass, unpopular @ end of presidency | 1 | |
| 1027403558 | Thomas Jefferson/Aaron Burr | They were running mates, but people hated Burr, so they sought moderation from Jefferson. Tie broken by House of Representatives. Burr tried to secede New England + New York, then plotted with Wilkinson to rule L. Territory, which Jefferson bought from Napoleon. After being tried for treason, he fled to France and asked Napoleon to invade America. | 2 | |
| 1027403559 | Revolution of 1800 | Jefferson called the election of 1800 a revolution, not because of political upheaval but because he wants to restore the republic, same zeal they had in 1776. "Original spirit of the Revolution" | 3 | |
| 1027403560 | three-fifths clause | what. | 4 | |
| 1027403561 | lame-duck patronage | parties who are still in office but lost real power, 12th Amendment says that states will take the votes, only 1 to each state rather than 2 from before. | 5 | |
| 1027403562 | Alien and Sedition Acts | Acts used to silence Democratic Republicans, swing people over to the Federalist side by force, no freedom of speech + 14 yrs naturalization time. Jefferson abolished both. | 6 | |
| 1027403563 | Albert Gallatin | Jefferson's financial adviser-- Just as capable as Hamilton, except he was against the national debt, worked to reduce it substantially | 7 | |
| 1027403564 | Judiciary Act 1801/Midnight Judges | one of the last laws passed by Federalists, 16 new judicial offices, President Adams supposedly signed commissions for federalist judges until "midnight", last ditch effort to solidify the Federalist party. Repealed. | 8 | |
| 1027403565 | John Marshall | Was Jefferson's cousin, one of America's great diplomats, now Supreme Court Justice, Federalist, played important role in basing Supreme Court's powers on constitution, tremendous self-restraint in Marbury vs Madison case, Constitution>politics | 9 | |
| 1027440009 | Marbury vs Madison, Judicial Review | Marbury, a midnight Federalist judge, had his salary kept hidden by James Madison, tried to petition to sympathetic John Marshall, but says his case had no constitutional basis, dismissed, solidified power to declare what is constitutional vs not | 10 | |
| 1027440010 | Samuel Chase | unpopular Supreme Court Justice, Jefferson/Republicans tried to impeach him for being an ******* + revenge for "Judicial Review" but failed, no basis for charges of "high crimes", last attempt to reshape the Supreme Court | 11 | |
| 1027440011 | impeachment | official is accused of unlawful activity, probably results in leave of office if convicted, Attempts to impeach S.C.J. for tiny grievances, not crimes, failed, helped w/ sep. of powers in branches | 12 | |
| 1027440012 | Tripolitan War | Jefferson didn't pay enough to a Tripolitan basha, so he informally declared war on the US. Jefferson sent small navy and negotiated a small $60,000 ransom for his men. Peace treaty. Jefferson spent too little $ on defense | 13 | |
| 1027440013 | mosquito fleet | annoying set of 200 small gunboats with one unwieldy gun, used only for defense along coasts and not in wars overseas. | 14 | |
| 1027440014 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Emperor of France, conquered many lands, military genius, decided that after conflict in Santo Domingo, that he didn't need Louisiana anymore, Better to sell it than to give it to the British, so he sold all land west of the Mississippi, 3 cents an acre to Jefferson | 15 | |
| 1027494112 | Robert Livingston/James Monroe | 2 envoys sent to Paris to buy New Orleans at a maximum of $10 million, all land east of it, instead got West @ $15million, however, if a deal was not negotiated, then make a war treaty with Britain against Spain and France | 16 | |
| 1027494113 | Louisiana Territory/Louisiana Purchase 1803 | 3 cents per acre, all land West of Mississippi + New Orleans, purchased all wilderness to double the size of America | 17 | |
| 1027494114 | Santo Domingo/Toussaint L'Ouveture | led an uprising among ex. slaves around sugar plantations, put down but left the taint of unrest, Napoleon failed to reconquer them though, fully at least | 18 | |
| 1027494115 | Meriwether Lewis & William Clark | personal secretary of Jefferson's, young army officer and Sacajawea set out on the Missouri River, from St. Louis, Rockies, and Colorado River to the Pacific, valuable maps + scientific knowledge. | 19 | |
| 1027494116 | Sacajawea | Shoshone woman who spoke English and served as their guide through the wilderness | 20 | |
| 1027494117 | Zebulon Pike | Another American explorer who trekked past the Mississippi River in 1805, Louisiana territory ---> Rockies, "Pike's Peak" | 21 | |
| 1027494118 | James Wilkinson | military governor of the Louisiana Territory, schemed with Aaron Burr to secede the Louisiana territory, for themselves, and to invade Mexican territory. He ditched plan once Jefferson found out. | 22 | |
| 1027494119 | Battle of Trafalgar | Horatio Nelson defeated Spanish and French naval troops outside of the Coast of Spain, single handedly, ensured British supremacy on the high seas. | 23 | |
| 1027494120 | Battle of Austerlize and Battle of Trafalgar | Napoleon crushed the Russian and Austrian armies; was the French's version of the Battle of Trafalgar, ensured French domination on land | 24 | |
| 1027494121 | Orders in Council | London government forbade other countries to trade in French owned ports, or else... Must stop at a British port first. France says to seize any merchant ships that entered British ports. | 25 | |
| 1027494122 | Impressment | forcibly detaining sailors onto British ships, often served for life, treated harshly, 400 years in practice | 26 | |
| 1027494123 | Chesapeake (ship) | coast of Virginia, British wanted 4 deserters, American commander says no, killed 3 and wounded 18 by gunfire. | 27 | |
| 1027494124 | Embargo Act of 1807 | the Embargo Act forced the United States to stop exports all together, to "peacefully coerce" France and Britain to lift their trade restrictions. negatively impacted markets @ home, extremely unpopular | 28 | |
| 1027494125 | Non-intercourse Act 1809 | less strict version of the Embargo Act; trade resumed anywhere bt with Britain and Frane | 29 | |
| 1027494126 | James Madison | 4th President, Democratic Republican, spineless, hated British, <3 Republican spirit | 30 | |
| 1027494127 | Macon's Bill no. 2 | allowed Americans to trade wherever they wanted to, wanted France/Britain to repeal Orders in Council, or be embargoed against. | 31 | |
| 1027494128 | war hawks | congress mostly made up of young fiery tempered men from the south very patriotic/territorial supported war with Britain (Indians) | 32 | |
| 1027494129 | Tecumseh & Tenskwatawa, the Prophet | Shawnee brothers tiried to set up an Indian confederacy to the west of the Mississippi to halt the Westward expansion by the whites, Disbanded after the prophet losing a battle with Harrison | 33 | |
| 1027494130 | William H. Harrison/Battle of Tippecanoe | invaded Tecumseh's headquarters while T. was gone, Prophet led an army opposition, lost, had homes burned. Eventually loyal to British until their deaeth. | 34 | |
| 1027494131 | Economic coercion | force other countries to yield to your needs by embargoing (i.e. with Britain and France), and impressing sailors | 35 | |
| 1027494132 | Mr. Madison's War | Indians are a threat to the U.S. convinced British are arming these men, an addition to impressing American sailors, Madison declared war to show the world America is not subordinate, revive republican experiment, take over and invade Canada | 36 | |
| 1050241268 | 1. Describe the mudslinging of the Federalists and Republicans | The Federalists, led by Hamilton, published a pamphlet that insulted Jefferson. Also, the Federalists started a whispering campaign about Jefferson, claiming that he fathered mulatto children, was an atheist, and robbed women. | 37 | |
| 1050241269 | 2. What was the Revolution of 1800? | The Revolution of 1800 was a return to what Jefferson called the era of "the original revolutionary spirit", finally a triumph for the ideals in which the war was fought over. It was also a revolution because it was the first peaceful transfer of power in American history, from Federalist to Republican parties. | 38 | |
| 1050241270 | Explain how Jefferson was a moderate president? | Jefferson was a moderate president because 1. he didn't fill all of the government positions with Republicans, instead, he let most Federalists keep their seats. 2. even though he despised Hamilton's financial plan, he only removed excise taxes, everything remained intact (the Bank of America grew, even). | 39 | |
| 1050241271 | How did Jefferson deal with the Alien and Sedition Acts? | he abolished them both, and enacted the Naturalization Law of 1802, which says immigrants only need to live in the country 5 years to become a citizen, instead of an excessive 14 years | 40 | |
| 1050241272 | What did Jefferson do with Hamilton's economic policies? | He kept all aspects of it (e.g. the tariffs, the funding at par, assumption of war debts, the Bank of America) and only got rid of the Excise Tax, which resulted in the loss of revenue. | 41 | |
| 1050241273 | Who were the midnight judges and how did Jefferson deal with them? | In the last day of his Presidency, Adams enacted the Judiciary Act of 1801 and created 16 new positions for judges and he spent time at night trying to sign commissions to "pack" the Supreme Court with Federalists | 42 | |
| 1050241274 | What is the significance of Marbury vs. Madison? | The significance of Marbury vs Madison is that it solidified the Supreme Court's power to review whether or not a law/case is constitutional. Marbury wanted his salary back, stolen by James Madison, back but John Marshall immediately knew that he couldn't help. Self restraint. | 43 | |
| 1050241275 | What is the significance of the Samuel Chase case? | Jeffersonians wanted to impeach this judge just because they didn't like him being a loudmouth. John Marshall found that he was not guilty of "high crimes". Marks the last time anyone has ever tried to question the Court's authority | 44 | |
| 1050241276 | How did Jefferson feel about the military and how did he treat it? | Jefferson thought that having a large navy and a standing army would harbor trouble; he feared that the military will eventually take over as a dictatorship and that they will get the Americans involved with wars. Reduced police force to 2,000 and only 200 mosquito fleets | 45 | |
| 1050241277 | What was the Louisiana Purchase and its significance? Also, how did Jefferson feel about it? | The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of all the land west of the Mississippi/New Orleans by James Monroe and Robert Livingston for $15 million dollars, its significance was that it doubled the United States' size and was a major bloodless acquisition of land. Jefferson was nervous because it was too costly, whole wilderness just to get one city, and nervous that Napoleon would go back on his word. | 46 | |
| 1050241278 | How did the US treat the non-US citizens in the Louisiana Territory? | (unclear so far), disregarded their views and took their land as American expansion needed. For example, Lewis and Clarks' brash attitude towards the Indians exemplifies the tense relations between Americans and non US citizens. | 47 | |
| 1050241279 | How did the Purchase of the Louisiana Territory help the isolationist cause? | The purchase of the Louisiana Territory helped the isolationist cause because, once and for all the country was free from foreign influence on its own soil. No other country can bother America from within. | 48 | |
| 1050241280 | What was the Lewis and Clark Expedition (corp of Discovery)? | The corp of discovery was a journey made by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark while accompanied by Sacajawea to map and explore the Louisiana Territory. Brought back much geographic and scientific information | 49 | |
| 1050241281 | What were the Aaron Burr conspiracies? | Aaron Burr was hated by many, after being dismissed from Jefferson's cabinet, he conspired to have New England secede from the rest of the United States. Also, with Robert Livingston he plotted to break away the Louisiana Territory and crown himself a leader. He was caught in the act and fled the country after shooting Hamilton | 50 | |
| 1050241282 | How was American neutrality affected by European events in 1805? | Americans were thrust into war when Britain and France indirectly tried to hurt each other by barring America with trading with them. The US was caught in the middle of a war that they didn't declare nor wanted to join | 51 | |
| 1050241283 | Why did Jefferson have Congress pass the Embargo Act of 1807? What was its purpose and what effected did it have on America's economy and politics? | He passed it as a method of "peaceful coercion", he wanted to cut off supplies to Britain and France so that they will be forced to revoke the Orders in Council. It was extremely harmful to the American economy as there was a surplus of unsold goods, though many people ended up smuggling goods anyway. People lost faith, and New England talked of seceding | 52 | |
| 1050241284 | Explain why the Embargo Act failed | Jefferson underestimated the belligerents' dependency on American goods, it wasn't enforced long enough or tightly enough and failed. He didn't realize Americans would be so angry | 53 | |
| 1050241285 | What was James Madison's foreign policy gamble he enacted shortly after becoming President? | he gambled on the fact that one of them would let go of their Orders in Council, so that the US can embargo the other country. He knew better than to trust France, but eventually the gamble failed, Britain did not repeal its acts and America had to trade with France again, ensuring warfare between the other two. No more neutrality. | 54 | |
| 1050241286 | Who was Tecumseh and what was his plan? | to create an Indian confederacy, free of American influence to stick together and fight back when necessary | 55 | |
| 1050241287 | Why did Madison ask Congress to declare war on Britain? How did each section of the US feel about war with Britain? | 1. to get British to stop arming Indians, force them off the land, 2. to restore faith in a Democracy, prove to the world that their government is valid. Republicans were for it, southerners for the war, north not for it because federalists didnt want a DR majority rule, not sympathetic to french at all. | 56 |
