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| 1546964613 | Oliver Hazard Perry | an energetic American naval officer who built a fleet off of Lake Erie and captured a British fleet; reported to his superior, "We have met the enemy and they are ours"; his victory and slogan heightened morale | 1 | |
| 1546964614 | Thomas Macdonough | a 30 year old American in charge of the American fleet in Lake Champlain that challenged the British; defeated the British on September 11, 1814 near Plattsburg, saving upper NY, New England, and the unity of the Union | 2 | |
| 1546964615 | William Henry Harrison | led the army against Tecumseh in Tippecanoe; governor of the Indiana Territory | 3 | |
| 1546964616 | Francis Scott Key | a detained American who watched the battle at Baltimore from a British ship and wrote the words to "The Star Spangled Banner" | 4 | |
| 1546964617 | Andrew Jackson | crushed the Indians at Horseshoe Bend; placed in command at New Orleans of 7,000 sailors/regulars/pirates/Frenchmen/militia; astoundingly defeated the British at New Orleans, bringing honor back to America | 5 | |
| 1546964618 | Washington Irving | attained international attention in the 1820s as a first writer of importance to use American scenes and themes; part of the fresh nationalistic spirit | 6 | |
| 1546964619 | James Monroe | nominated for the Presidency in 1816 by the Republicans and won 183-34; straddled 2 generations, which was food; least intelligent of the first 8 Presidents but was experienced, levelheaded, and could interpret popular rumblings; his administrations were nicknamed the Era of Good Feelings; so popular that the Missouri Compromise didn't tarnish his reputation; re-elected in 1820 with all electoral votes except 1; issued the Monroe Doctrine | 7 | |
| 1546964620 | James Fenimore Cooper | also attained international recognition as a first writer of importance to use American scenes and themes; part of the fresh surge of nationalism | 8 | |
| 1546964621 | John Marshall | bolstered the power of the federal government in the McCulloch v. Maryland case; also defended federal power in Cohens v. VA and Gibbons v. Ogden; also bolstered judicial barriers against democratic attacks on property rights; Marshall's decisions are still felt today | 9 | |
| 1546964622 | John C. Calhoun | S. Carolina's senator and advocate for states' rights, limited government, and nullification | 10 | |
| 1546964623 | John Quincy Adams | served as Secretary of State under Monroe; 1819- drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty; Monroe Doctrine was mostly his work; headed the American negotiations at Ghent | 11 | |
| 1546964624 | Daniel Webster | served many years in both Houses of Congress; would often expound his Federalistic and nationalistic philosophy before the Supreme Court; Marshall approvingly listened to him; opposed states' rights and nullification | 12 | |
| 1546964625 | Henry Clay | helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent; played a leading role in the Missouri Compromise | 13 | |
| 1546964626 | nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it; resurged after the War of 1812 | 14 | |
| 1546964627 | peculiar institution | another term for slavery; the owning of human beings existed in a country that practiced liberty | 15 | |
| 1546964628 | protective tariff | a tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so that people will buy domestic goods | 16 | |
| 1546964629 | sectionalism | loyalty to one's own region of the country rather than to the nation as a whole | 17 | |
| 1546964630 | noncolonization | 1823; a principle of the Monroe Doctrine; stated that the Americas should undergo no further colonization by European powers | 18 | |
| 1546964631 | internal improvements | federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system | 19 | |
| 1546964632 | nonintervention | the principle that eternal powers should not intervene in the domestic affairs of sovereign states; another principle of the Monroe Doctrine | 20 | |
| 1546964633 | isolationism | a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs | 21 | |
| 1546964634 | Ohio fever | the rush of people going West because of land, especially European immigrants | 22 | |
| 1546964635 | Second Bank of the United States | John C. Calhoun introduced this to help the financial stability of the country by issuing national currency and regulating state banks | 23 | |
| 1546964636 | McCulloch v. Maryland | the state of Maryland taxed banknotes produced by the Bank of the U.S., claiming that the Bank was unconstitutional; using implied powers, Marshall countered that the Bank was constitutional and ruled that Maryland was forbidden to tax the Bank | 24 | |
| 1546964637 | American System | economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy | 25 | |
| 1546964638 | Gibbons v. Ogden | NY tried to grant to a private concern a monopoly of waterborne commerce between NY and NJ; Marshall ruled that the Constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states | 26 | |
| 1546964639 | Bonus Bill of 1817 | gives states $1.5 million for internal improvements; Madison immediately vetoed it | 27 | |
| 1546964640 | Battle of Horseshoe Bend | turning point during the War of 1812 when General Andrew Jackson defeated 1,000 Red Sticks, killing 800 | 28 | |
| 1546964641 | Fletcher v. Peck | a Georgia legislature, swayed by bribery, granted $35 million acres in Mississippi to private speculators; the next legislature cancelled the crooked transactions but the Supreme Court decreed that the legislative errant was a contract (even though it was fraudulent) and the Constitution forbids state laws "impairing" contracts; protected property rights from popular pressures | 29 | |
| 1546964642 | Virginia dynasty | "dynasty" comprised of four of the first five Presidents (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe), all of whom were Virginian plantation owners | 30 | |
| 1546964643 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward | college was granted a charter in 1769 by King George III but NH had tried to change it and Dartmouth appealed it; Marshall ruled that the charter must stand because the Constitution protects contracts | 31 | |
| 1546964644 | Era of Good Feelings | a name given to President Monroe's 2 terms; a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion; since the Federalist party dissolved, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts | 32 | |
| 1546964645 | Treaty of 1818 | treaty between GB and America; allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years | 33 | |
| 1546964646 | Panic of 1819 | a natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand of goods after the war; generally blamed on the National Bank | 34 | |
| 1546964647 | Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 | treaty in which Spain agreed to cede its claims to Oregon and give Florida to the Americans in exchange for Texas | 35 | |
| 1546964648 | Tippecanoe | Harrison's victory over Tecumseh in Indiana (1811); became the slogan of his presidential bid in 1840 | 36 | |
| 1546964649 | Constitution | law determining the fundamental political principles of a government | 37 | |
| 1546964650 | Battle of the Thames | Indians defeated by William Henry Harrison; Tecumseh was killed; Indian alliance starts to fall apart | 38 | |
| 1546964651 | Land Act of 1820 | authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 per acre in cash; also brought about cheap transportation and cheap money | 39 | |
| 1546964652 | Monroe Doctrine | an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | 40 | |
| 1546964653 | Tallmadge Amendment | an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves; in the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South | 41 | |
| 1546964654 | Russo-American Treaty of 1824 | treaty between Russia and America set the southern borders of Russian holdings in America at the line of 54 40, the southern tip of Alaska | 42 | |
| 1546964655 | Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the U.S. concerning the extension of slavery into new territories | 43 | |
| 1546964656 | Treaty of Ghent | Dec. 24, 1814- ended the War of 1812 and resorted the stays quo; for the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner; also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border | 44 | |
| 1546964657 | Battle of Plattsburgh | battle where Thomas Macdonough defeated the British in the North and secured the border of the U.S. | 45 | |
| 1546964658 | Hartford Convention | meeting by Federalists dissatisfied with the war to draft a new Constitution; resulted in seemingly traitorous Federalist party's collapse | 46 | |
| 1546964659 | Battle of New Orleans | famous battle that occurred after the War of 1812 is finished; made Andrew Jackson a war hero- he was able to bring together the Americans and inspire them to fight | 47 | |
| 1546964660 | "Blue light" Federalists | derogatory term used by those who believed certain Federalists to have made friendly ("blue light") signals to British ships in the War of 1812 to warn GB of American blockade runners | 48 |
