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| 17419145 | Fort Sumter | fort at Charleston harbor in SC, cut off from vital supplies and reinforcements by southern control; Lincoln sent provisions of food to the federal garrison and the Southern army attacked the envoy; this was the start of the war; captured after 2 days of incessant fire | |
| 17419146 | Executive power | Lincoln used unprecedented ____, without the authorization in Congress; 1. called for 75000 volunteers to put down the insurrection in the South, 2. authorized spending for the war, and 3. suspended writ of Habeas Corpus | |
| 17419147 | Border states | Delaware, Maryland, MS, and KY; didn't join Confederacy; union used martial law in MD | |
| 17419148 | Confederate States of America | constitution denied the Confederate congress powers to levy a protective tariff and to appropriate funds for internal improvements, but it did prohibit the foreign slave trade | |
| 17419149 | Jefferson Davis | tried to increase executive powers during war but southern governors resisted centralization attempts | |
| 17419150 | Alexander H. Stephens | VP of CSA, in defense of states' rights, urged the secession of GA in response to the "despotic" actions of the Confederacy | |
| 17419151 | Bull Run | First major battler of the war (July 1861), 30000 federal troops marched from D.C. to attack Confederate forces; just as Union was going to win, General Stonewall Jackson countered and sent inexperienced Union troops in a scattered flight by to D.C.; battle ended the illusion of a short war | |
| 17419152 | Winfield Scott | General-in-Chief of the Union Army, 3 part strategy for winning the war- US navy used to blockade Southern ports and cut off essential supplies from reaching South (Anaconda Plan), Divide the Confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi River, Raise and train an army 500000 strong to take Richmond | |
| 17419153 | George McClellan | General who was the new commander of the Union army in the East, who insisted that the troops be given a long period of training and discipline before going into battle; attacked VA in March 1862, and was stopped as a result of brilliant tactical moves by Confederate General Robert E. Lee (became South commander of Eastern forces); forced McClellan to retreat and was replaced with General John Pope | |
| 17419154 | Antietam | Lee, after winning at Bull Run, led army across the Potomac into enemy territory in MD; if they won , then Britain would recognize them and support them; McClellan was back in command of the Union army and he had the advantage of knowing Lee's battle plan, because a copy had been dropped by a Confederate officer; bloodiest single day of combat in entire war, where 22000 ppl killed or wounded; technically a draw but was decisive in that it stopped Confederacy from getting British support; Lincoln used this battle to announce plans for the Emancipation Proclamation | |
| 17419155 | Fredericksburg | General Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan and he attacked Lee in 1862 here while suffering immense losses (more than 2 soldiers on Union side killed for every one Confederate) | |
| 17419156 | Monitor and Merrimac | During McClellan's Peninsular Campaign, the North's blockade strategy was placed in jeopardy by the Confederate ironclad ship the Merrimac (a former Union ship, rebuilt and named the Virginia) that could attack and ship the Union's wooden ships almost at will; the Union got an ironclad of its own, the Monitor, which fought a five-hour duel with the southern ironclad near Hampton Roads, Va; Monitor stopped the Merrimac from seriously challenging the naval blockade | |
| 17419157 | Ulysses S. Grant | starting south from Illinois in early 1862, he used a combo of gunboats and army maneuvers to capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River; opened up Mississippi to attack | |
| 17419158 | Shiloh | Confederate army under Albert Johnston surprised Grant here, but the Union army held its ground and forced the Confederates to retreat after terrible losses on both sides | |
| 17419159 | David Farragut | Admiral who led the naval capture of New Orleans | |
| 17419160 | Trent Affair | Confederate diplomats Mason and Slidell were traveling on a British steamer, the Trent, on a mission to gain recognition for their government; Union warship stopped the British ship, removed Mason and Slidell, and brought them to the US as prisoners of war | |
| 17419161 | Alabama | confederate raider that captured over 60 vessels before being sunk off the coast of France by a Union warship | |
| 17419162 | Laird rams | ships with iron rams sought by Confederates | |
| 17419163 | Confiscation acts | Power to seize enemy property used to wage war against the US was the legal basis for the first in August 1861; July 1862, a second of these was passed that freed the slaves of persons engaged in rebellion against the US; also empowered the president to use freed slaves in the Union army in any capacity, including battle | |
| 17419164 | Emancipation Proclamation | 1862, freed slaves in the states then at war with the US; did not stop slavery in the Union or border states; now the Union was fighting against slavery, secession and rebellion | |
| 17419165 | Thirteenth Amendment | abolished slavery everywhere in 1865 | |
| 17419166 | Vicksburg | spring of 1863, Grant began siege of the heavily fortified city, Mississippi; union artillery bombarded this city for seven weeks before the Confederates finally surrendered the city on July 4, giving full control of Mississippi River to the Union | |
| 17419167 | Gettysburg | Lee took the offensive in the East and lead an army into enemy territory (MD and PA) thinking that if he could destroy the Union army or capture a major northern city, Lee hoped that he could force the North to call for peace or get foreign intervention in the South; 1863, surprised Union soldiers HERE; most crucial battle of the war; Lee | |
| 17419168 | Sherman's March | chief instrument of Grant's aggressive tactics for subduing the South was a hardened veteran, General William Tecumseh Sherman; leading 100000 men, Sherman moved out from Chattanooga, TN on a campaign of deliberate destruction that went clear across the state of GA and then swept north into SC; Sherman pioneered the tactics of total war, destroying everything in his path and he took Atlanta in 1864, later Savannah and setting fire to Columbia, SC (the capital); broke the will of the confederacy | |
| 17419169 | Election of 1864 | Dems nominated George McClellan, with a platform for peace; Lincol with new VP Andrew Johnson (TN War Democrat); Lincoln won | |
| 17419170 | Appomattox Court House | Lee forced to totally surrender at this court house in 1865; Union treated enemy with respect and allowed Lee's men to return home to their families with their horses | |
| 17419171 | John Wilkes Booth | embittered actor and southern sympathizer, killed Lincoln at Ford Theatre in D.C.; Seward was also attacked | |
| 17419172 | Copperheads | opposed war and wanted peace; leader was Clement L. Vallandigham | |
| 17419173 | Ex Parte Milligan | (1866), the Supreme Court ruled that the government had acted improperly in Indiana where, during the war, certain civilians had been subject to a military trial; Court declared that such procedures could be used only when regular civilian courts were unavailable | |
| 17419174 | Draft Riots | Conscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers | |
| 17419175 | Greenbacks | US treasury money; could not bee redeemed in gold, a fact that contributed to inflation | |
| 17419176 | Morrill Tariff Act (1861) | raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers; high protective tarrifs to project industrialists | |
| 17419177 | Homestead Act (1862) | promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering parcels of 160 acres of public land free to whatever person or family would farm that land for at least 5 years | |
| 17419178 | Morill Land Grant Act (1862) | encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants for agricultural and technical colleges | |
| 17419179 | Pacific Railway Act (1862) | authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the economies of California and the western territories to the Eastern states | |
| 17419180 | Second American Revolution | Civil War transformed American into a complex modern industrial society of capital, technology, national organizations, and large corporations; Republicans able to stimulate the industrial and commercial growth of US |
