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| was formed at Boston (1826). Implored drinkers to sign a temperance pledge and organized children's clubs. | ||
| Became the leader of the Mormons after Joseph Smith died. Was stern and austere. Led the Mormons to Utah (1846-1847). 335 | ||
| Term referring to Western New York because of the numerous sermons about hellfire. 334 | ||
| was the greatest of the revival preachers. Was trained as a lawyer but became an evangelist. Led massive revivals in Rochester (1830) and New York City (1831). Devised the anxious bench where repentant sinners would sit | ||
| read by Stanton. Declared that all men and women are created equal. 343 | ||
| Relied on reason rather than revelation and on science rather than the Bible. Denied Christ's divinity but believed in a Supreme Being who had created the universe. Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin were all parts of this group. 332 | ||
| a woman who assembled reports on the treatment of the insane. Improved conditions in cells for the insane and raised the concept that the demented were not willfully perverse but mentally ill. 340 | ||
| Was a gifted lyric poet. Wrote "The Raven." Was fascinated by the ghostly and ghastly. 352 | ||
| a mother who of seven who left 'obey' out of her marriage ceremony. Advocated suffrage for women. | ||
| established the Troy (New York) Female Seminary. Raised the respectability of Women's schools. 339 | ||
| a spendthrift Rhode Islander and a gifted painter. Produced several portraits of Washington. 347 | ||
| was Emerson's close associate. Was a poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, and a nonconformist. Condemned a government that supported slavery and refused to pay his poll tax. 350s | ||
| was one of the most popular poets ever in America. Was also very popular in Europe. 351 | ||
| an orphaned and ill-educated New Yorker who went to sea and served on a whaler. Wrote "Moby Dick," a giant allegory. 352 | ||
| was a brilliant graduate of Brown University. As secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he campaigned effectively for more and better schoolhouses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, and an expanded curriculum. | ||
| Excelled at art that portrayed romantic mirroring of local landscapes. 348 | ||
| was the first American novelist to gain world fame. Wrote "The Spy", "Leatherstocking Tales", and "The last of the Mohicans". 349 | ||
| ranks as one of America's better poets, an essayist, literary critic, editor, and diplomat. Remembered as a political satirist due to his "Biglow Papers." 351 | ||
| Was a poet of the antislavery crusade. His poems cried aloud against inhumanity, injustice, and intolerance. 351 | ||
| painted wild fowl in their natural habitat. A society for the protection of birds was named after him. 346 | ||
| Reported (1830) that he had received golden plates from an angel which constituted the Book of Mormon. Created the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons). Was murdered with his brother by a mob in Carthage, Illinois (1844). 335 | ||
| A group in New York which wrote brilliant pieces of literature. 348 | ||
| a distinguished French-Swiss immigrant who served at Harvard College. Insisted on original research and deplored the overemphasis on memory work. 345 | ||
| a Quaker who was angered when she and her fellow female delegates to the London antislavery convention of 1840 were not recognized. 342 | ||
| prohibited the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor. Was sponsored by Dow. 342 | ||
| Emerged from the Burned-Over region (1830). Interpreted the Bible to mean that Christ would return to earth on October 22, 1844. | ||
| was created by Joseph Smith. Voted as a unit and openly created a militia. Moved to Utah (1846-1847). Became a prosperous frontier theocracy and a cooperative commonwealth. 335 | ||
| Wrote "The Scarlet Letter". Wrote the classic novel "The Blithedale Romance", whose main character was modeled on Margaret Fuller. | ||
| the father of prohibition. Sponsored the Maine Law of 1851. 3412 | ||
| Was a Yale educated Yankee who created reading lessons used by millions of children. Devoted twenty years to his famous dictionary published in 1828. 337 | ||
| declared that if medicines were thrown into the sea, humans would be better off and the fish worse off. Taught anatomy at Harvard Medical School. Was a great literary figure. 346 | ||
| was the best known Methodist traveling preacher. Travelled from Tennessee to Illinois and converted thousands. Bashed the Devil and beat up people who tried to interfere. 334 | ||
| was a talented speaker who journeyed thousands of miles on the lyceum circuits. Bunch of quotes by him as well. A popular transcendentalist who was hailed as a poet and a philosopher.339 | ||
| founded in 1825 a communal society of around a thousand people at New Harmony, Indiana. This attempted Utopia failed quickly. 344 | ||
| A religious revival starting in 1800. Had great impacts in all aspects of American life. Encouraged prison reform, the temperance cause, women's movements, and abolitionism. Was spread through camp meetings in which as many as twenty-five thousand people would gather for an encampment of several days to listen to the gospel. 333 | ||
| were led by Mother Ann Lee. Began in the 1770s to set up religious communities. Had about six thousand people (184) but died off since their customs prohibited marriage and sexual relations. 344 | ||
| wrote songs that became the most famous black songs. Travelled to the south once in 1852. 348 | ||
| a militant lecturer for women's rights. 342 | ||
| rejected the theory that all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses. States that truth transcends the senses and that every person possesses an inner light that can illuminate the highest truth and put him in direct touch with the "Oversoul." Emphasized individualism and a commitment to self-reliance, self-culture, and self-discipline. Exalted the dignity of the individual. Was largely influenced by the literary movement. 349 | ||
| believed that God existed in only one person, rejecting the idea of a trinity. Denied the divinity of Jesus, but stressed the essential goodness of human nature. Believed in free will and salvation through good works. Appealed mostly to intellectuals including Ralph Waldo Emerson. 332 | ||
| wrote "Leaves of Grass" in which he gave free rein to his genius. It was highly romantic, emotional, and unconventional. Was an initial failure but grew to become an enormous success. 351 | ||
| was the first American to win international recognition as a literary figure. Published "Knickerbocker's History of New York" (1809) and "The Sketch Book" (1819-1820). | ||
| wrote "Thanatopsis" at the age of sixteen. Edited the New York Evening Post. 349 | ||
| a Southerner who wrote eighty-two books. Wrote about the southern frontier in colonial days and the south during the revolutionary War. 352 | ||
| A teacher-preacher. Sold 122 million copies of his grade-school readers (1830) which taught lessons in morality, patriotism, and idealism. 338 | ||
| A historian who published accounts of the conquest of Mexico and Peru. 353 | ||
| met in 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York. There Stanton Read a declaration of sentiments. Demanded the ballot for females and launched the modern women's rights movement.343 | ||
| revolted against the current fashion and wore a short skirt with Turkish trousers (Bloomers). 343 | ||
| formed in 1828. Declared war on war. 341 | ||
| Started in 1841, comprised two hundred acres of Massachusetts soil. Twenty intellectuals cooperated to form a Utopia but the society crumbled when a communal building was lost to fire. 344 | ||
| was the first female graduate of a medical college. 343 | ||
| a historian who wrote a brilliant serious of volumes about the struggle between France and England in colonial times. 353 | ||
| Helped found the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1845. Published a super-patriotic history of the United States in six volumes. 353 | ||
| fought for antislavery. 343 | ||
| drew paintings of the revolutionary war. 348 | ||
| perfected the first crude photograph (1839). 348 | ||
| retained her maiden name after marriage. | ||
| helped to carry learning to the masses. Provided platforms for speakers who would travel and teach. 339 | ||
| established a women's school, Mount Holyoke Seminary (1837), in Massachusetts. 339 | ||
| wrote on ocean winds and currents. 345 | ||
| mathematician who wrote on practical navigation. 345 | ||
| published over 350 books, monographs, and papers on botany. 345 | ||
| A pioneer chemist and geologist who taught at Yale. Considered the most influential American scientist of the first half of the nineteenth century. 345 | ||
| Wrote "Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There". Described how a village was ruined by a tavern. 341 | ||
| A leading figure in the fight for peace. 341 | ||
| edited a transcendentalist journal, "The Dial", and fought for unity and a republican government for Italy. 343 | ||
| Was founded in New York in 1848. Practiced free love or complex marriage, birth control, and the selection of parents to produce superior offspring. The leader fled to Canada in order to escape persecution for adultery. Lasted for more than 30 years because its artisans made superior steel traps and Oneida Community silver Plate. 344 | ||
| painted sixty portraits of Washington. 348 |
