Chapter 1 terms from the Norton APUSH History textbook.
1170379436 | Mesoamerica | The region of Central America where the Maya, the Aztecs and other ancient cultures existed. | 1 | |
1170379437 | Mayas | Ancient Mesoamerican civilization that thrived from about A. D. 300 to A. D. 900. | 2 | |
1170379438 | Aztecs | Mesoamerican civilization that thrived in the 14th and 15th Centuries A. D. | 3 | |
1170379439 | Adena-Hopewell culture | Northeastern culture that thrived from 800 B.C.-A.D. 600 in the Ohio Valley and surrounding areas of the current United States. | 4 | |
1170379440 | Mississippian culture | Mississippian culture of the central Mississippi River Valley of the current United States, which thrived from A. D. 600 to A. D. 1500. | 5 | |
1170379441 | Anasazi culture | Southwestern culture that began in the 5th B.C., elements of which continue today in Arizona, New Mexico. Colorado and surrounding areas. | 6 | |
1170379442 | Renaissance | Period in European history from 12th C AD through the 16th C AD distinguished by its spirit of inquiry and return to secular learning. | 7 | |
1170379443 | longitude | Navigational measurement dependant on accurate timepieces, and left to guesswork when sailing across the open sea prior to the 18th C. A. D. | 8 | |
1170379444 | Christopher Columbus | Self-taught Italian mariner who in the late 15th C A.D. sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of the Indies. | 9 | |
1170379445 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty between Spain and Portugal defining the Spanish claim on exploration and settlement west of the Cape Verde Islands. | 10 | |
1170379446 | Amerigo Vespucci | Italian explorer who first suggested that South America was a new continent. | 11 | |
1170379447 | maize | Also called 'Indian Corn', maize was one of the staples of the New World. | 12 | |
1170379448 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese seaman, who in the employ of Spain set out to find passage through or around South America, and consequently led the first voyage around the globe. | 13 | |
1170379449 | Hernando Cortes | Ruthless leader of the conquistadores, Spanish soldiers who invaded and eventually destroyed the Aztec culture. | 14 | |
1170379450 | encomienda | System used by the conquistadores, whereby favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages or groups of villages. | 15 | |
1170379451 | Bartolomeo de Las Casas | Catholic missionary and Bishop in Mexico who wrote A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies (1552), | 16 | |
1170379452 | hacienda | A great farm or ranch. | 17 | |
1170379453 | Spanish borderlands | Area of the southern United States formerly claimed by Spain. | 18 | |
1170379454 | Ponce de Leon | Governor of Puerto Rico, and first known explorer of Florida. | 19 | |
1170379455 | St. Augustine | A Spanish outpost in Florida, it became the first European town in the present-day United States. | 20 | |
1170379456 | presidio | A fort where soldiers who were sent to protect Spanish missions were housed. | 21 | |
1170379457 | Juan de Onate | Founder of the first Spanish settlement in New Mexico. | 22 | |
1170379458 | mestizo | Sons of Spanish Fathers and native mothers. | 23 | |
1170379459 | Pope | Pueblo leader who organized a rebellion, which resulted in driving the Spaniards out of New Mexico. | 24 | |
1170379460 | Reformation | European religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and resulted in the beginnings of Protestant Christianity. | 25 | |
1170379461 | Martin Luther | German monk who protested abuses in the Catholic church by posing his 'Ninety-five Theses.' Founder of the Lutheran church. | 26 | |
1170379462 | 95 Theses | Martin Luther's criticisms of the Catholic church arguing against indulgences and for a direct relationship to God. | 27 | |
1170379463 | Calvinism | Religious movement founded by John Calvin, based on the doctrine of predestination. | 28 | |
1170379464 | Defender of the Faith | Title given by the pope to England's Henry VIII prior to England's break from the Catholic church. | 29 | |
1170379465 | Church of England | The Anglican church, which unites church and state under the monarchy. | 30 | |
1170379466 | Francis Drake | English privateer who led British fleet against the Spanish Armada. | 31 | |
1170379467 | galleon | Heavy ship used by the Spanish Armada. | 32 | |
1170379468 | Sir Walter Raleigh | Sponsor of an ill-fated expedition of colonists, who in 1587 settled Roanoke Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, also known as the 'Lost Colony.' | 33 |