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APUSH Chapter 1 Terms -Norton Flashcards

Chapter 1 terms from the Norton APUSH History textbook.

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1170379436MesoamericaThe region of Central America where the Maya, the Aztecs and other ancient cultures existed.1
1170379437MayasAncient Mesoamerican civilization that thrived from about A. D. 300 to A. D. 900.2
1170379438AztecsMesoamerican civilization that thrived in the 14th and 15th Centuries A. D.3
1170379439Adena-Hopewell cultureNortheastern culture that thrived from 800 B.C.-A.D. 600 in the Ohio Valley and surrounding areas of the current United States.4
1170379440Mississippian cultureMississippian culture of the central Mississippi River Valley of the current United States, which thrived from A. D. 600 to A. D. 1500.5
1170379441Anasazi cultureSouthwestern culture that began in the 5th B.C., elements of which continue today in Arizona, New Mexico. Colorado and surrounding areas.6
1170379442RenaissancePeriod in European history from 12th C AD through the 16th C AD distinguished by its spirit of inquiry and return to secular learning.7
1170379443longitudeNavigational measurement dependant on accurate timepieces, and left to guesswork when sailing across the open sea prior to the 18th C. A. D.8
1170379444Christopher ColumbusSelf-taught Italian mariner who in the late 15th C A.D. sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of the Indies.9
1170379445Treaty of TordesillasTreaty between Spain and Portugal defining the Spanish claim on exploration and settlement west of the Cape Verde Islands.10
1170379446Amerigo VespucciItalian explorer who first suggested that South America was a new continent.11
1170379447maizeAlso called 'Indian Corn', maize was one of the staples of the New World.12
1170379448Ferdinand MagellanPortuguese seaman, who in the employ of Spain set out to find passage through or around South America, and consequently led the first voyage around the globe.13
1170379449Hernando CortesRuthless leader of the conquistadores, Spanish soldiers who invaded and eventually destroyed the Aztec culture.14
1170379450encomiendaSystem used by the conquistadores, whereby favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages or groups of villages.15
1170379451Bartolomeo de Las CasasCatholic missionary and Bishop in Mexico who wrote A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies (1552),16
1170379452haciendaA great farm or ranch.17
1170379453Spanish borderlandsArea of the southern United States formerly claimed by Spain.18
1170379454Ponce de LeonGovernor of Puerto Rico, and first known explorer of Florida.19
1170379455St. AugustineA Spanish outpost in Florida, it became the first European town in the present-day United States.20
1170379456presidioA fort where soldiers who were sent to protect Spanish missions were housed.21
1170379457Juan de OnateFounder of the first Spanish settlement in New Mexico.22
1170379458mestizoSons of Spanish Fathers and native mothers.23
1170379459PopePueblo leader who organized a rebellion, which resulted in driving the Spaniards out of New Mexico.24
1170379460ReformationEuropean religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and resulted in the beginnings of Protestant Christianity.25
1170379461Martin LutherGerman monk who protested abuses in the Catholic church by posing his 'Ninety-five Theses.' Founder of the Lutheran church.26
117037946295 ThesesMartin Luther's criticisms of the Catholic church arguing against indulgences and for a direct relationship to God.27
1170379463CalvinismReligious movement founded by John Calvin, based on the doctrine of predestination.28
1170379464Defender of the FaithTitle given by the pope to England's Henry VIII prior to England's break from the Catholic church.29
1170379465Church of EnglandThe Anglican church, which unites church and state under the monarchy.30
1170379466Francis DrakeEnglish privateer who led British fleet against the Spanish Armada.31
1170379467galleonHeavy ship used by the Spanish Armada.32
1170379468Sir Walter RaleighSponsor of an ill-fated expedition of colonists, who in 1587 settled Roanoke Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, also known as the 'Lost Colony.'33

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