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APUSH Chapter 21: Urban America & the Progressive Era 1900-1917 Flashcards

In following with the textbook Out of Many: A History of the American People by Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, and Armitage.

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2151905364"progressives"shared a fundamental belief that America needed a new social consciousness to cope with new changes0
2151909229Social Darwinismapplication of Darwin's Theory of biological evolution to society holding the fittest at the top --> did NOT fit in the Progressive Era1
2151915145ProhibitionA ban on the production, sale, and consumption of liquor; achieved temporarily through state laws and the 18th Amendment2
2151924801National Municipal Leaugeled a "good government" movement that fought to make city management a non-partisan & even non-political process by bringing the administration techniques of large corporations to cities3
2151931705"honest graft"making money from inside information on public improvements4
2157489418Wisconsin Ideathe application of academic scholarship and theory to public needs: supported by many states5
2151933893INITIATIVEprocedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through petition signed by a specific number of voters6
2151943314REFERENDUMsubmission of law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejectino7
2151947063DIRECT PRIMARYallowed voters to cross party lines; DEMOCRATIZED the nomination process8
2151948191RECALLthe process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote9
2157099606Muckrackinga term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt for "racking the muck" of American society; a journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils10
2157458812(1905) Lochner vs. New YorkJudge Holmes ruled that a 10-hour day for bankers was wrong11
2157465516(1908) Muller vs. OregonCourt upheld law limiting maximum hours for working women "liberty of contract 'is not absolute'.12
2162461876The Prohibition Movementmovement to ban the consumption of liquor and led to more racism and xenophobia among and towards immigrants13
2162464185Social Evilpush to eliminate prostitution and gambling --> unsuccessful14
2162465915(1910) Mann ActMade the transport of women across state lines, for immoral purposes, illegal15
2162470118(1909) National Board of Censorship - NBCestablished to create revenue in the theaters and by 1914, the board was reviewing 95% of the nation's film output16
2162474350(1917) Smith-Hughes Actprovided federal grants to support educational endeavors by both male (metal, carpentry, machines) and female (typing, bookkeeping, sewing, cooking, home ec) students ALSO set up a Federal Board for Vocational Education17
2162548944(1909) The Uprising of 20,000a three month strike demanding union recognition throughout NY's garment district; drew support from suffragists, trade unionists, and sympathetic middle class women --> did not become recognized and returned back to work, but drove unskilled workers to organize and opened the doors to women involvment in the18
2162547038(1900) International Ladies Garment Workers Uniongained strength and negotiated contracts throughout clothing factories19
2162545150(1911) Triangle Shirtwaist CompanyA fire started that killed 146 people: led to New York State Factory Investigation Commission that conducted on-site inspections that led to state laws improving factory safety conditions20
2162543567(1913) Ludlow's MassacreStrikers in Colorado murdered by privately hired army and enraged the country21
2162541911WobbliesPopular name for the members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)22
2174675921village bohemiansinfluential fine artists -- open to socialism and anarchism23
2175552302talented tenththe top African American students that received financial aid for college through W.E.B.Dubois24
2177057338(1905) Niagara MovementAfrican American group organized to promote racial integration, civil, & political rights, & equal access to economic opportunity25
2177057339(1910) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - NAACPInterracial organization co-founded by W.E.B. Dubois dedicated to restoring African American political and social rights26
2177057340(1906) Hepburn ActStrengthened the ICC by authorizing it to set maximum railroad rates and inspect financial records27
2177057341Food and Drug Actestablished the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which tested and approved drugs before they went on the market28
2177057342(1912) New FreedomWoodrow Wilsons program for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the restrictive influences of trusts and protective tariffs, thereby providing opportunities for individual achievement29
2177076622(1913) Underwood-Simmons ActReform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income30
2177076623(1913) SIXTEENTH AMENDMENTauthorized a federal income tax31
2177076624(1913) Federal Reserve Actlaw that revised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System32
2177076625(1914) Clayton Antitrust ActReplaced the old Sherman Act as the nation's basic antitrust law --> it exempted unions from being construed as illegal combinations in restraint of trade, and it forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions against strikers33
2177076626(1914) Federal Trade Commission - FTCGovernment agency established to provide regulatory oversight of business activity34

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