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| 563920663 | ulysses s. grant | -republican nominee -elected because democrats were disorganized and republicans had waved the "bloody shirt" (relived his war victories) | |
| 563920664 | horatio seymour | -ran against grant in election -democratic candidate -didnt accept redemption of greenbacks for maximum value platform | |
| 563920665 | corrupt politics | -railroad promoters cheated customers -stock market investors -too many judges and legislators put power up for hire -Fisk and Gould -Tweed Ring -Grant didnt see corruption | |
| 563920666 | Jim Fisk and Jay Gould | -2 millionaires -plan to corner gold market by getting grant to stop letting treasury sell gold -plan failed | |
| 563920667 | Tweed Ring | -"tammany hall" of NYC -headed by Boss Tweed -used bribery, graft, and fake elections -cheated city out of $200 million -caught and jailed; died in jail | |
| 563920668 | Samuel J. Tilden | -gained fame by leading prosecution of Tweed -ran against hayes as democrat in 1876 | |
| 563920669 | Thomas Nast | political cartoonist who drew against Tammany's corruption | |
| 563920670 | Credit Mobilier | -railroad construction company that paid itself huge sums of money for small railroad construction -busted by ny newspaper -2 members of congress formally censured -VP had accepted 20 shares of stock from them | |
| 563920671 | Whiskey Ring | -robbed treasury of millions of dollars -grant's private secretary was one of criminals (grant retracted "let no guilty man escape") | |
| 563920672 | William Belknap | secretary of war who sold $24,000 of junk to indians; pocketed it | |
| 563984144 | horace greeley | -liberal republican party -called an atheist, communist, vegetarian, and signer of davis's bail bond -crushed by grant | |
| 563984145 | amnesty act | removed political disabilities from all but some 500 former confederate leaders | |
| 563984146 | panic of 1873 | -caused by too many railroads and factories being formed than existing markets could bear (OVER SPECULATION) -over-loaning by banks to those projects (TOO EASY CREDIT) -started with failure of Jay Cooke & Company -cheap money supporters -hard money | |
| 563984147 | cheap money supporters | those who wanted greenbacks to be printed en mass again, to create inflation | |
| 563984148 | hard money | actual gold and silver; supporters persuaded grant to veto a bill that would print more paper money | |
| 563984149 | resumption act of 1875 | pledged the government to further withdraw greenbacks and made all further redemption of paper money in gold at face value | |
| 563984150 | bland-allison act | instructed treasury to buy and coin between $2 million and $4 million worth of silver bullion each month; minimal effect | |
| 563984151 | greenback labor party | created in response to republican hard money policy | |
| 563984152 | the gilded age | -term coined by mark twain -times looked good but below the surface, there were many problems | |
| 563984153 | differences between republicans and democrats | -republicans: traced lineage to puritanism, had strong votes in north and west, from G.A.R. -democrats: like lutherans and roman catholics, strong support in south | |
| 563984154 | Grand Army of the Republic | organization made up of former union veterans; republican voters | |
| 563984155 | Roscoe Conkling | stalwarts; led republican infighting | |
| 563984156 | James G. Blaine | half-breeds; led republican infighting | |
| 565856661 | Rutherford B. Hayes | -"great unknown" -republican nominee -pres because of comp of 1877 | |
| 565856662 | electoral count act | set up an electoral commission that consisted of 15 men selected from the senate, the house, and the supreme court, which would count the votes | |
| 565856663 | david davis | 15th man who was supposed to be an independent in the electoral count act's commission | |
| 565856664 | compromise of 1877 | -north: hayes would become president if he removed troops from 2 remaining southern states (LA and SC); a bill would subsidize the texas and pacific rail line -south: military rule and reconstruction ended when military pulled out of south -abandoned blacks in south by withdrawing troops | |
| 565856665 | civil rights act of 1875 | last attempt at protection of black rights; declared unconstitutional by supreme court in the 1883 civil rights cases | |
| 565856666 | sharecroppers | blacks who provided nothing but labor | |
| 565856667 | tenant farmers | blacks who could provide their own tools | |
| 565856668 | how whites asserted power after recon | -literacy requirements for voting -voter registration laws -poll taxes | |
| 565856669 | plessy v. ferguson | supreme court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitution; thus, jim crow segregation was legalized | |
| 565856670 | railroad strike | -presidents of 4 largest railroads cut wages by 10% -workers struck back and stopped working -hayes tried to stop it by sending troops and violence erupted -100 people died | |
| 565856671 | denis kearney | irish man in san francisco who incited his followers to terrorize the chinese | |
| 565856672 | chinese exclusion act | barred any chinese from entering the united states; first law limiting immigration | |
| 565856673 | james a. garfield | -ohio man who had been general in CW -ran with arthur as vp -squeaked by in popular vote -hated to say "no" | |
| 565856674 | winfield s. hancock | -CW general who appealed to south due to his fair treatment of it during recon -veteran wounded at gettysburg | |
| 565856675 | Chester Arthur | -notorious stalwart who was VP with Garfield -became president when garfield died -gave cold shoulder to stalwarts -pendleton act | |
| 565856676 | Charles J. Guiteau | shot garfield because he was not appointed to office; tried to use "insanity defense" but was hanged anyway | |
| 565856677 | pendleton act | -"magna carta of civil service reform" -awarded gov jobs based on ability rather than connection -prohibited financial assessments on jobholders -set up civil service commission | |
| 565856678 | civil service commission | -set up by pendleton act -administered open competitive service | |
| 565856679 | Mugwumps | republican reformers who did not support Blaine and switched to democratic party | |
| 565856680 | Grover Cleveland | -democratic candidate of 1884 -mudslinging because he fathered illegitimate child -new york voted for cleveland because blaine insulted the irish -laissez faire captialism -military pension issues -depression of 1893 | |
| 565856681 | Thomas B. Reed | -speaker of the house during cleveland's presidency -"billion dollar" congress | |
| 565856682 | billion dollar congress | legislated many expensive projects | |
| 565856683 | populist party | -disgruntled farmers -called for inflation via free coinage of silver -called for litany of items (graduated income tax, gov regulation of railroads and phones, direct election of US senators, 1 term limit, initiative and referendum, shorter workday, immigrant restriction) | |
| 565856684 | depression of 1893 | -first panic in new urban and industrial age -treasury still had to issue gold for notes it had paid in the sherman silver purchase act | |
| 565856685 | adlai e. stevenson | "soft money" (paper money) man, would have cause chaos with inflation if cleveland had died | |
| 565856686 | william jennings bryan | 33 year old who was advocating "free silver" and gaining support; alienated by cleveland | |
| 565856687 | why cleveland was embarrassed | -resorted to JP Morgan to bale out depression -wilson gorman tariff -supreme court had struck down income tax | |
| 565856688 | wilson gorman tariff | cleveland had promised to lower tariff but so much had been added that he wouldnt pass it |
