Chapter 25 terms 1-51 APUSH American pageant 11th edition
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| 1159295281 | The Industrial Age | will cause the rise of mass production of weapons and new products (Tanks planes and gas) | |
| 1159295282 | Union Pacific Railroad | (USG) , railroad that started in Omaha, Nebraska and it connected with the Central Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, Utah; hired Chinese immigrants | |
| 1159295283 | Crédit Mobilier | a joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes. | |
| 1159295284 | Central Pacific Railroad | A railroad that started in Sacramento , and connected with the Union Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, UTAH | |
| 1159295285 | The "Big Four" | President Wilson, PM David George of England, P Georges Clemenceau of France, and PM Vittorio Orlando of Italy | |
| 1159295286 | Transcontinental Line (1869) | the building of the transcontinental line was a dramatic and monumental achievement. thousands of immigrant workers- mostly Irish on the eastern route, Chinese on the western,- labored in what were at times unimaginably difficult conditions to penetrate mountain ranges, cross deserts, protect themselves against Indians, and connect the two lines at promontory point in northern Utah in the spring of 1869. | |
| 1159295287 | Northern Pacific Railroad (1883) | This railroad ran from Lake Superior to Puget Sound. The terminus of this railroad was in Tacoma. | |
| 1159295288 | Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad (1884) | the transcontinental railroad that began in Kansas and stretched through the southwestern deserts into California. The line was completed in 1884. | |
| 1159295289 | Southern Pacific Railroad (1884) | Railroad into Southern California that greatly sparked interest in that area, despite the former idea that Southern California was unfarmable. | |
| 1159295290 | Great Northern Railroad (1893) | The northernmost of the transcontinental railroad lines, organized by economically wise and public-spirited industrialist James J. Hill | |
| 1159295291 | James J. Hill | Public-spirited railroad builder who assisted farmers in the northern areas served by his rail lines | |
| 1159295292 | New York Central | Ran from New York City to Chicago and operated more than 4,500 miles of track. | |
| 1159295293 | "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt | United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877) | |
| 1159295294 | "Time zones" (1883) | Railroad companies set 'time zones' for more efficiency. Previously, towns set their own clocks- usually 1 clock tower in town, but nearly all towns adopted new time zones.Demonstrated the power railroads had over society at the time | |
| 1159295295 | Jay Gould | United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892) | |
| 1159295296 | "Stock watering" | Price manipulation by strategic stock brokers of the late 1800s. The term for selling more stock than they actually owned in order to lower prices, then buying it back. | |
| 1159295297 | "Pool" arrangements | pool is an informal agreement between a group of people or leaders of a company to keep their prices high and to keep competition low. The Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 made railroads publicly publish their prices and it outlawed the pool. | |
| 1159295298 | Wabash case (1886) | Stated that individual states could control trade in their states, but could not regulate railroads coming through them. Congress had exclusive jurisdiction over interstate commerce. | |
| 1159295299 | Interstate Commerce Act (1887) | Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices | |
| 1159295300 | Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) | an agency that sets the laws for all the companies that do business across state lines | |
| 1159295301 | Alexander Graham Bell | He was an American inventor who was responsible for developing the telephone. This greatly improved communications in the country. | |
| 1159295302 | Thomas A. Edison | One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture. | |
| 1159295303 | Andrew Carnegie | A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry. | |
| 1159295304 | John D. Rockefeller | Aggressive energy-industry monopolist who used tough means to build a trust based on "horizontal integration" | |
| 1159295305 | J. P. Morgan | Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons" | |
| 1159295306 | "Vertical integration" | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution | |
| 1159295307 | "Horizontal integration" | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level | |
| 1159295308 | "Trust" | A trust is a relationship whereby property (real or personal, tangible or intangible) is held by one party for the benefit of another. | |
| 1159295309 | Standard Oil Trust | John D Rockefeller's corporation that controled over 90% of the nation's oil and bribed politicians for favors. | |
| 1159295310 | "Interlocking directorates " | a corporate directorate that includes one or more members who serve simultaneously in the directorates of other corporations | |
| 1159295311 | Bessemer process | an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities | |
| 1159295312 | United States Steel Corp. (1901) | The first billion dollar American corporation, organized when J.P. Morgan bought out Andrew Carnegie. | |
| 1159295313 | Gustavus Swift/Philip Armour | Founders of the American meat-packing industry. Led boom of tobacco, sugar, leather, and meat industries | |
| 1159295314 | "Gospel of Wealth" | like other business owners, Carnegie drove his workers hard. Still, he believed that the rich had a duty to help the poor and improve society. He gave millions of dollars to charities | |
| 1159295315 | "Social Darwinism" | applied Charles Darwin's survival-of-the-fittest theories to business; rich wouldnt help poor because they believed poor were least capable and thats why they were poor | |
| 1159295316 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) | ..., First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | |
| 1159295317 | James Buchanan Duke | Southern industrialist behind the American Tobacco Company and Southern Power Company who made great advances in the businesses of tobacco and hydroelectric power. | |
| 1159295318 | The "New South" | Not all white southerners revered the lost cause. Many looked to the future rather tha the past. They attempted to modernize the South's economy and to disversify southern agriculture. They encouraged northern investment and the building of new railroads to tie the south into national and internaltional markets. Rather than a lost cause, these southerners looked to a new south | |
| 1159295319 | "Pittsburgh plus" pricing | Pittsburgh steel lords forced railroad to give same fee to Birmingham, AL even though Birmingham would be shipping a shorter distance. | |
| 1159295320 | "Gibson girl" | Athletic and independent, the idealized American girl of the 1890s as pictured by C. D. Gibson | |
| 1159295321 | "Scabs" | Stirkebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike | |
| 1159295322 | "Lockout" | When management closes the doors to the place of work and keeps the workers from entering until an agreement is reached | |
| 1159295323 | "Yellow-dog contracts" | in attempt to keep workers from rebelling, employeers had to start sign contracts saying that they wouldn't strike, picket line, or boycott | |
| 1159295324 | "Black list" | A list of people who had done some misdeed and were disliked by business. They were refused jobs and harassed by unions and businesses. | |
| 1159295325 | National Labor Union (1866) | A labor union with about 600,000 members that agitated for arbitration of disputes and an 8 hour workday. Excluded by race and gender, but not by skill. p.587 | |
| 1159295326 | Knights of Labor (1869) | What was the large national union open to skilled and unskilled workers as well as women and blacks that maintained secretive rituals, but ultimately collapsed due to poor structure and accusations of anarchism? | |
| 1159295327 | Terence Powderly | Knights of Labor leader, opposed strikes, producer-consumer cooperation, temperance, welcomed blacks and women (allowing segregation) | |
| 1159295328 | Haymarket Square episode (1886) | labor disorders, protestors against chicago police, bomb killed several dozen | |
| 1159295329 | American Federation of Labor (AF of L) (1886) | 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent. | |
| 1159295330 | Samuel Gompers | He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers. | |
| 1159295331 | "Mother" Jones | a female reformer who had troubles with deaths and disasters throughout her life, and made it her duty to help working conditions for the lower classes and prevent child labor; helped found the International Workers of the World (IWW). |
